Electric-Field-Tunable Edge Transport in Bernal-Stacked Trilayer Graphene.

This Letter presents a nonlocal study on the electric-field-tunable edge transport in h-BN-encapsulated dual-gated Bernal-stacked (ABA) trilayer graphene across various displacement fields (D) and temperatures (T). Our measurements revealed that the nonlocal resistance (R_{NL}) surpassed the expected classical Ohmic contribution by a factor of at least 2 orders of magnitude. Through scaling analysis, we found that the nonlocal resistance scales linearly with the local resistance (R_{L}) only when the D exceeds a critical value of ∼0.

A systematic review of neurological airway respiratory cardiovascular other-surgical severity (NARCO-SS) score as a pediatric perioperative scoring system.

Objective: To systematically identify and synthesize the available evidence of the neurological airway respiratory cardiovascular other-surgical severity (NARCO-SS) score as compared to other pediatric specific perioperative scoring systems.

Design: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. All studies in all languages comparing NARCO-SS with pediatric perioperative scoring systems against outcomes were included.

Commonly asked questions about transcriptional activation domains.

Eukaryotic transcription factors activate gene expression with their DNA-binding domains and activation domains. DNA-binding domains bind the genome by recognizing structurally related DNA sequences; they are structured, conserved, and predictable from protein sequences. Activation domains recruit chromatin modifiers, coactivator complexes, or basal transcriptional machinery via structurally diverse protein-protein interactions.

PanoMRT: Panoramic infrared thermography to model human thermal exposure and comfort.

As summer heat waves become the new normal worldwide, modeling human thermal exposure and comfort to assess and mitigate urban overheating is crucial to uphold livability in cities. We introduce PanoMRT, an open source human-biometeorological model to calculate Mean Radiant Temperature (T), Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET), and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) from thermal equirectangular 360° panoramas and standard weather information (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed). We validated the model for hot, dry, clear summer days in Tempe, Arizona, USA with in-situ observations using a FLIR Duo Pro R thermal camera on a rotating arm and the mobile human-biometeorological instrument platform MaRTy.

Diffusion of water in palm leaf materials.

Diffusion of water into plant materials is known to decrease their mechanical strength and stiffness but improve formability. Here, we characterize water diffusion through areca palm leaf-sheath-a model plant material, with hierarchical structure, used in eco-friendly foodware. The diffusion process is studied using mass gain measurements and imaging of water transport.

Surface-Stress Induced Embrittlement of Metals.

Environment-assisted fracture phenomena in metals are usually associated with surface energy reduction due to an adsorbed film. Here we demonstrate a unique embrittlement effect in Al that is instead mediated by surface stress, induced by an adsorbed organic monolayer. Atomistic simulations show that the adsorbate carbon-chain length controls the surface stress via van der Waals forces, being compressive for < 8 and tensile otherwise.

Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19: a Rheumatologist's Take on the Lessons Learned.

Purpose Of Review: Told from the viewpoint of rheumatologists, this review tells the story of hydroxychloroquine and its swift ascent to become a household name as a therapeutic strategy against the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. This review describes the history, mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic applications, and safety profile of hydroxychloroquine as an immunomodulatory and antiviral agent. It also summarizes the major studies that launched and assessed the use of hydroxychloroquine against COVID-19 infection.

One-dimensional spin-orbit coupled Dirac system with extended-wave superconductivity: Majorana modes and Josephson effects.

Motivated by the spin-momentum locking of electrons at the boundaries of certain topological insulators, we study a one-dimensional system of spin-orbit coupled massless Dirac electrons with-wave superconducting pairing. As a result of the spin-orbit coupling, our model has only two kinds of linearly dispersing modes, and we take these to be right-moving spin-up and left-moving spin-down. Both lattice and continuum models are studied.

Organic monolayers disrupt plastic flow in metals.

Adsorbed films often influence mechanical behavior of surfaces, leading to well-known mechanochemical phenomena such as liquid metal embrittlement and environment-assisted cracking. Here, we demonstrate a mechanochemical phenomenon wherein adsorbed long-chain organic monolayers disrupt large-strain plastic deformation in metals. Using high-speed in situ imaging and post facto analysis, we show that the monolayers induce a ductile-to-brittle transition.

Visualizable detection of nanoscale objects using anti-symmetric excitation and non-resonance amplification.

Why can we not see nanoscale objects under a light microscope? The textbook answers are that their relative signals are weak and their separation is smaller than Abbe's resolution limit. Thus, significant effort has gone into developing ultraviolet imaging, oil and solid immersion objectives, nonlinear methods, fluorescence dyes, evanescent wave tailoring, and point-spread function engineering. In this work, we introduce a new optical sensing framework based on the concepts of electromagnetic canyons and non-resonance amplification, to directly view on a widefield microscope λ/31-scale (25-nm radius) objects in the near-field region of nanowire-based sensors across a 726-μm × 582-μm field of view.

Voxelized topology optimization for fabrication-compatible inverse design of 3D photonic devices.

Topology optimization for photonic device design, has been mostly used to optimize binary structures based on refractive index as the free parameter for each design cell. Typically, a constraint on the optimization variable to be z-invariant and a smoothing operation on small features are applied to make the structure fabricable by conventional lithography. To enable topology optimization to design fabricable 3D structures using emerging methods like grayscale lithography and focused ion beam milling, we propose here a framework that uses the refractive index step position as the free parameter for each 3D voxel.

Learning style preferences: A study of pre-clinical medical students in Barbados.

Introduction: Educators need to be aware of different learning styles to effectively tailor instructional strategies and methods to cater to the students' learning needs and support a conductive learning environment. The VARK [an acronym for visual (V), aural (A), read/write (R) and kinesthetic (K)] instrument is a useful model to assess learning styles. The aim of this study was to use the VARK questionnaire to determine the learning styles of pre-clinical medical students in order to compare the perceived and assessed learning style preferences, assess gender differences in learning style preferences, and determine whether any relationships exists between awareness of learning styles and academic grades, age, gender and learning modality.

The cutting of metals via plastic buckling.

The cutting of metals has long been described as occurring by laminar plastic flow. Here we show that for metals with large strain-hardening capacity, laminar flow mode is unstable and cutting instead occurs by plastic buckling of a thin surface layer. High speed imaging confirms that the buckling results in a small bump on the surface which then evolves into a fold of large amplitude by rotation and stretching.

Assessment of changes in insulin requirement in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus on maintenance hemodialysis.

Background: Hemodialysis improves insulin sensitivity. Currently, there is no recommendation for the adjustment of insulin dose on dialysis day and nondialysis day in diabetic patients. This study was undertaken to determine the variations in insulin requirement based on blood glucose levels on dialysis days and nondialysis days in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis.

Hyperdominant left anterior descending artery (LAD): A rare coronary anomaly.

Hyperdominant left anterior descending artery (LAD) is a rare coronary anomaly in which posterior descending artery arises from LAD instead of left circumflex or right coronary artery. Here we present a case of hyperdominant LAD presenting as acute myocardial infarction.

A framework for studying dynamics and stability of diffusive-reactive interfaces with application to CuSn intermetallic compound growth.

Often during phase growth, the rate of accretion, on the one hand, is determined by a competition between bulk diffusion and surface reaction rate. The morphology of the phase interface, on the other hand, is determined by an interplay between surface diffusivity and surface reaction rate. In this study, a framework to predict the growth and the morphology of an interface by modelling the interplay between bulk diffusion, surface reaction rate and surface diffusion is developed.

A medieval fallacy: the crystalline lens in the center of the eye.

Objective: To determine whether, as most modern historians have written, ancient Greco-Roman authors believed the crystalline lens is positioned in the center of the eye.

Background: Historians have written that statements about cataract couching by Celsus, or perhaps Galen of Pergamon, suggested a centrally located lens. Celsus specifically wrote that a couching needle placed intermediate between the corneal limbus and the lateral canthus enters an empty space, presumed to represent the posterior chamber.

Physico-Mechanical Properties of Coprocessed Excipient MicroceLac® 100 by DM(3) Approach.

Purpose: To determine the effect of relative humidity (RH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physico-mechanical properties of coprocessed MacroceLac(®) 100 using 'DM(3)' approach.

Methods: Effects of RH and 5% w/w HPMC on MacroceLac(®) 100 Compressibility Index (CI) and tablet mechanical strength (TMS) were evaluated by 'DM(3)'. The 'DM(3)' approach evaluates material properties by combining 'design of experiments', material's 'macroscopic' properties, 'molecular' properties, and 'multivariate analysis' tools.

Comparison of pediatric perioperative risk assessment by ASA physical status and by NARCO-SS (neurological, airway, respiratory, cardiovascular, other-surgical severity) scores.

Background: ASA-PS is a widely used perioperative health assessment method, but with poor reproducibility. A novel objective, pediatric-specific risk classification system based on Neurological, Airway, Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Other categories and Surgical Severity (NARCO-SS) has been validated in only one US center.

Objective: Independent external validation of the NARCO-SS and comparison with the ASA-PS in predicting perioperative outcomes.

A comparative study of effects of omega-3 Fatty acids, alpha lipoic Acid and vitamin e in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism. Various modes of adjuvant therapy have been advocated to ameliorate insulin resistance.

Aim: This study was intended to assess the effects of antioxidants; alpha lipoic acid (ALA), omega 3 fatty acid and vitamin E on parameters of insulin sensitivity (blood glucose and HbA1c) in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with documented insulin resistance.

Study of comparative effects of antioxidants on insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: This study intended to assess the effects of the antioxidants; Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA), omega 3 fatty acids and vitamin E on the parameters of insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and glycaemic control in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, single centred study. One hundred four patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with insulin resistance were recruited for the study.

Acute toxicity and diuretic studies of the roots of Asparagus racemosus Willd in rats.

Objective: Asparagus racemosus Willd has been used as diuretic in Ayurveda but has not been validated by a suitable experimental model. Hence the present study was undertaken.

Materials And Methods: The study was carried out with an aqueous extract of the roots of Asparagus racemosus utilizing three doses viz 800 mg/kg, 1600 mg/kg and 3200 mg/kg for its diuretic activity in comparison with standard drug (furosemide) and control (normal saline) rats after doing acute toxicity study.

Standardising analogue front end design for ultrasound imaging systems.

The standardisation of analogue front end products is allowing the development of portable ultrasound devices that provide enhanced image quality while minimising power consumption. The design opportunities associated with the use of these products are described.