Fresh Hemorrhages in Intestinal Resection Margins Are Associated with Unfavorable Clinical Outcomes in Preterm Infants with Necrotizing Enterocolitis with Surgical Intervention.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common disease in premature infants. If conservative treatment does not respond, surgical removal of the necrotic section of bowel is common practice. This study investigates whether there is a correlation between the histopathological findings and the postoperative clinical course of the children who have undergone surgery.

[Relationship between volume and structural characteristics and the quality of outcomes of perinatal centers for infants at the border of viability].

Introduction: This study investigates the relationship between volume, structural characteristics and quality of outcome, specifically for infants at the border of viability.

Methods: Using administrative data of the largest provider of statutory healthcare insurance in Germany between 2010-2015, infants with an admission weight (AW) between 250-1249 g treated initially in perinatal centers were included. For infants at the border of viability (250-499 g AW), the endpoints mortality and mortality or morbidity were analyzed.

Use of a new vertical traction device for early traction-assisted staged closure of congenital abdominal wall defects: a prospective series of 16 patients.

Purpose: Abdominal wall closure in patients with giant omphalocele (GOC) and complicated gastroschisis (GS) remains to be a surgical challenge. To facilitate an early complete abdominal wall closure, we investigated the combination of a staged closure technique with continuous traction to the abdominal wall using a newly designed vertical traction device for newborns.

Methods: Four tertiary pediatric surgery departments participated in the study between 04/2022 and 11/2023.

Global Initiative for Children's Surgery (GICS) Pediatric Trauma Care Initiative: A Call for a Comprehensive Approach to a Global Problem.

Introduction: Trauma is a major problem which has a significant health, social, and economic impact. Particularly, pediatric trauma carries substantial mortality and morbidity. This is a great concern for subspecialized general and pediatric surgeons.

The Outcome of Laparoscopic Versus Open Appendectomy in Childhood.

Background: Appendectomy in children is performed either lapa - roscopically (LA) or by open surgery (OA). We studied whether, and how, the outcome is affected by the technique used and by the intraoperative conversion of LA to OA.

Methods: We analyzed routine data from children and adolescents in three age groups (1-5 years, 6-12 years, and 13-17 years) who were insured by the AOK statutory health insurance carrier in Germany and who underwent appendectomy in the period 2017-2019.

Point of Care Ultrasound in Pediatric Surgery across the European Region-European Pediatric Surgery Association Endorsed Survey.

Introduction:  Our purpose was to assess the state of training, clinical practice, and barriers to use point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in pediatric surgery in Europe.

Methods:  An electronic survey was disseminated among European pediatric surgeons utilizing the European Pediatric Surgery Association network and other existing networks.

Results:  There were 186 respondents from 27 European countries and 7 non-European countries.

Ankle Joint MRI-Comparison of Image Quality and Effect of Sports-Related Stress.

Objectives: The main aims of the study were the evaluation of stress-related effects (strenuous vs. non-strenuous sport vs. nonathletes) in stimulating or reducing influences on cartilage volume in the ankle joint and the evaluation of the image quality of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device with a field strength of 3.

International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus paper on sports-related ophthalmology issues in elite sports.

Vision plays an important role in an athletes' success. In sports, nearly 80% of perceptual input is visual, and eye health and sports medicine are closely intertwined fields of utmost importance to athletes. The physical nature of sports activities renders individuals more prone to various eye injuries than the general population.

[The acute abdomen in children].

Background: Because 8-10% of children in the emergency room present with acute abdominal pain, a systematic work-up is essential to rule out acute abdomen.

Objectives: This article highlights the etiology, symptoms, diagnostic workup, and treatment of acute abdomen in children.

Materials And Methods: Review of the current literature.

Interstitial cells of Cajal: clinical relevance in pediatric gastrointestinal motility disorders.

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells of gastrointestinal motility that generate and transmit electrical slow waves to smooth muscle cells in the gut wall, thus inducing phasic contractions and coordinated peristalsis. Traditionally, tyrosine-protein kinase Kit (c-kit), also known as CD117 or mast/stem cell growth factor receptor, has been used as the primary marker of ICCs in pathology specimens. More recently, the Ca-activated chloride channel, anoctamin-1, has been introduced as a more specific marker of ICCs.

Hepatoblastoma Cancer Stem Cells Express PD-L1, Reveal Plasticity and Can Emerge upon Chemotherapy.

The biology of cancer stem cells (CSCs) of pediatric cancers, such as hepatoblastoma, is sparsely explored. This is mainly due to the very immature nature of these tumors, which complicates the distinction of CSCs from the other tumor cells. Previously, we identified a CSC population in hepatoblastoma cell lines expressing the CSC markers CD34 and CD90, cell surface Vimentin (csVimentin) and binding of OV-6.

Ovarian lesions and tumors in infants and older children.

Objectives: Ovarian lesions are rare but frequent in children. Patients could present with abdominal pain, but ovarian lesions could also be incidentally found on ultrasound. Awareness is required in cases with acute, severe lower abdominal pain, as ovarian torsion could be the cause.

Multidisciplinary Treatment Strategies for Wilms Tumor: Recent Advances, Technical Innovations and Future Directions.

Significant progress has been made in the management of Wilms tumor (WT) in recent years, mostly as a result of collaborative efforts and the implementation of protocol-driven, multimodal therapy. This article offers a comprehensive overview of current multidisciplinary treatment strategies for WT, whilst also addressing recent technical innovations including nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) and minimally invasive approaches. In addition, surgical concepts for the treatment of metastatic disease, advances in tumor imaging technology and potentially prognostic biomarkers will be discussed.

Differences in the Outcome of Colonic Atresia with and without Abdominal Wall Defects.

Introduction:  Colonic atresia (CA) is a very rare disease. Two entities of CA can be differentiated: primary CA and CA with abdominal wall defects (AWD). This study aimed to investigate the differences between these two entities, especially for long-term outcomes.

Genetically Modified Mouse Models of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Opportunities and Limitations for Studying Altered Lung Development.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common and life-threatening birth defect, characterized by an abnormal opening in the primordial diaphragm that interferes with normal lung development. As a result, CDH is accompanied by immature and hypoplastic lungs, being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with this condition. In recent decades, various animal models have contributed novel insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying CDH and associated pulmonary hypoplasia.

Prenatal Detection of Congenital Duodenal Obstruction-Impact on Postnatal Care.

Background: Duodenal obstruction is a rare cause of congenital bowel obstruction. Prenatal ultrasound could be suggestive of duodenal atresia if polyhydramnios and the double bubble sign are visible. Prenatal diagnosis should prompt respective prenatal care, including surgery.

Development of a Bowel Management Scoring Tool in Pediatric Patients with Constipation.

Objective: To develop a reliable and valid scoring tool, the Pediatric Bowel Management Scoring Tool (PBMST), to better guide management of constipation in pediatric patients.

Study Design: The project comprised 2 stages, development of the questionnaire and construction of the bowel management score. Two questionnaires were created, one for children aged 8-18 years to self-report and one parent proxy-report for children aged 4-8 years.

Not Everything Is Cordless Today-Case Report of Acute Intestinal Obstruction in a Neonate Due to Cord Clamping.

We report a case of a 2-day-old neonate with bilious vomiting and abdominal distension. A small bowel obstruction with ileal perforation due to a misplaced clamping of the umbilical cord was apparent before laparotomy. This complication was a sequala after clamping the cord too close to the abdominal wall in a case where there was a hernia into the cord with intestinal content.