Influence of head and neck cancer exosomes on macrophage polarization.

Background: Tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) release exosomes that influence macrophage phenotypes, either pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic. This mechanism, especially in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), remains poorly understood. This study investigates the role of HNSCC exosomes in macrophage polarization.

Circulating tumor cells in solid malignancies: From advanced isolation technologies to biological understanding and clinical relevance in early diagnosis and prognosis.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed from primary tumors and travel through the body via circulation, eventually settling to form micrometastases under favorable conditions. Numerous studies have identified CTCs as a negative prognostic indicator for survival across various cancer types. CTCs mirror the current heterogeneity and genetic and biological state of tumors, making their study invaluable for understanding tumor progression, cell senescence, and cancer dormancy.

Exosomal transcript cargo and functional correlation with HNSCC patients' survival.

Background: HPV status in a subset of HNSCC is linked with distinct treatment outcomes. Present investigation aims to elucidate the distinct clinicopathological features of HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC and investigate their association with the HNSCC patient survival.

Materials And Methods: The total RNA of exosomes from HPV-positive (93VU147T) and HPV-negative (OCT-1) HNSCC cells was isolated, and the transcripts were estimated using Illumina HiSeq X.

Prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3: Opportunities and challenges in targeting HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis.

Cervical cancer (CaCx) ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women globally. Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) is major etiological factor associated with CaCx. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), a prominent member of the STAT family, has emerged as independent oncogenic driver.

Targeting Cervical Cancer Stem Cells by Phytochemicals.

Cervical cancer (CaCx) poses a significant global health challenge, ranking as the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Despite the emergence of advanced treatment strategies, recurrence remains a bottleneck in favorable treatment outcomes and contributes to poor prognosis. The chemo- or radio-therapy resistance coupled with frequent relapse of more aggressive tumors are some key components that contribute to CaCx-related mortality.

In vivo antiangiogenic effect of nimbolide, trans-chalcone and piperine for use against glioblastoma.

Background: Angiogenesis is an important hallmark of Glioblastoma (GBM) marked by elevated vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and its receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). As previously reported nimbolide (NBL), trans-chalcone (TC) and piperine (PPR) possess promising antiangiogenic activity in several cancers however, their comparative efficacy and mechanism of antiangiogenic activity in GBM against VEGFR-2 has not been elucidated.

Methods: 2D and 3D spheroids cultures of U87 (Uppsala 87 Malignant Glioma) were used for evaluation of non-cytotxoic dose for anti-angiogenic activity.

Phytochemicals Showing Antiangiogenic Effect in Pre-clinical Models and their Potential as an Alternative to Existing Therapeutics.

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from a pre-existing vascular network, is an important hallmark of several pathological conditions, such as tumor growth and metastasis, proliferative retinopathies, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and endometriosis. Putting a halt to pathology-driven angiogenesis is considered an important therapeutic strategy to slow down or reduce the severity of pathological disorders. Considering the attrition rate of synthetic antiangiogenic compounds from the lab to reaching the market due to severe side effects, several compounds of natural origin are being explored for their antiangiogenic properties.

Chick chorioallantoic membrane: a valuable 3D model for screening nanoformulations for tumor antiangiogenic therapeutics.

Drug discovery is an extensive process. From identifying lead compounds to approval for clinical application, it goes through a sequence of labor-intensive , preclinical screening and clinical trials. Among thousands of drugs screened only a few get approval for clinical trials.

Eustachian and Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis: A Rare Consequence of the Automatic Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Placement.

Eustachian valve (EV) is usually a rudimentary structure in adults. It is an embryological remnant of sinus venosus that directs oxygenated blood from the inferior vena cava across the foramen ovale and into the left atrium. Intravenous drug use is most commonly associated with infective endocarditis of the right-sided heart structures.

Probiotic and Antifungal Attributes of MYSN105, Isolated From an Indian Traditional Fermented Food Pozha.

The use of probiotics and antifungal capabilities of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from different niches is a strategy to prepare functional cultures and biopreservatives for food/feed industries. In the present study, LAB strains isolated from an Indian traditional fermented food, Pozha, were evaluated for their probiotic properties and biocontrol potential. A total of 20 LAB isolates were selected from Pozha samples collected aseptically and screened for their antagonistic activity against .

Anomalous Coronary Origin and Malignant Course in a Young Patient With Palpitation and Demand Ischemia: A Serendipity or a Syndrome Without a Name?

Anomalous coronary artery remains the second most common cause for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young athletes. The anomaly most commonly associated with SCD is the one that courses between the aorta and pulmonary artery, the malignant course. We present a case of a young gentleman who presented with symptomatic palpitations and was found to have anomalous right coronary artery from ostial left main coronary artery coursing between the aorta and pulmonary artery.

A Tale of Three Rarities: Secondary Amyloid A (AA) Amyloidosis Caused by Recurrent Sialadenitis and Complicated by Pulmonary Hypertension and Adrenal Insufficiency.

A 48-year-old lady presented with a parotid mass found to be secondary to recurrent sialadenitis. She was also found to have microcytic anemia, renal dysfunction, an elevated gamma gap, and an isolated alkaline phosphatase elevation. Later, she developed altered mental status and shock, and was found to have adrenal insufficiency, pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary nodules.

Bilateral central retinal artery occlusion from catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome.

A 23-year-old woman with history of systemic lupus erythematous presented with dizziness and headache and was admitted for the stroke workup. During her stay, she had sudden painless loss of vision in her right eye consistent with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Ocular massage and paracentesis were attempted without success to resume the flow.

Meta-Analysis Comparing Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Versus Single Antiplatelet Therapy Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

The present American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines (Grade IIb, level of evidence C) recommend dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel for 6 months followed by lifelong aspirin after transcathter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, studies that have compared DAPT to single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) after TAVI have questioned this recommendation as DAPT has been associated with more bleeding events compared with SAPT. We performed a meta-analysis of all the trials that compared DAPT to SAPT in patients who underwent TAVI.

Performance of J-CTO and PROGRESS CTO Scores in Predicting Angiographic Success and Long-term Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions for Chronic Total Occlusions.

Patient selection for and predicting clinical outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain challenging. We hypothesized that both J-CTO (Multicenter Chronic Total Occlusion Registry of Japan) and PROGRESS CTO (Prospective Global Registry for the Study of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention) scores will predict not only angiographic success but also long-term clinical outcomes of the patients who underwent PCI of CTO. Of 325 CTO PCIs performed at 2 Emory University hospitals from January 2012 to August 2015, 249 patients with complete baseline clinical, angiographic and follow-up data, were included in this analysis.

Vasomotor Function Comparative Assessment at 1 and 2 Years Following Implantation of the Absorb Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold and the Xience V Everolimus-Eluting Metallic Stent in Porcine Coronary Arteries: Insights From In Vivo Angiography, Ex Vivo Assessment, and Gene Analysis at the Stented/Scaffolded Segments and the Proximal and Distal Edges.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare in vivo the restoration of vasomotor function following Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, California) and metallic Xience V (XV) (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, California) stent implantations in porcine coronary arteries at 1 and 2 years.

Background: Drug-eluting metallic coronary stents induce sustained vasomotor dysfunction, and preliminary observations from arteries with bioresorbable scaffolds have indicated partially restored vasoreactivity.

Methods: A total of 15 Absorb BVS (3.