Progress of nations in the organisation of, and structures for, kidney care delivery between 2019 and 2023: cross sectional survey in 148 countries.

Objective: To assess changes in key measures of kidney care using data reported in 2019 and 2023.

Design: Cross sectional survey in 148 countries.

Setting: Surveys from International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas between 2019 and 2023 that included participants from countries in Africa (n=36), Eastern and Central Europe (n=16), Latin America (n=18), the Middle East (n=11), Newly Independent States and Russia (n=10), North America and the Caribbean (n=8), North and East Asia (n=6), Oceania and South East Asia (n=15), South Asia (n=7), and Western Europe (n=21).

Global prevalence of depression in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly associated with psychosocial problems, especially depression, contributing to poor overall outcomes. Depression has not been given adequate priority in the management of CKD patients despite its significant adverse impact on all major outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis determined the pooled prevalence of clinical depression in the global CKD population and sub-populations.

The prevalence and risk of mortality associated with intradialytic hypertension among patients with end-stage kidney disease on haemodialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Intradialytic hypertension (IDHTN) is a common but less frequently recognised complication of haemodialysis. However, it is associated with increased overall mortality in patients on haemodialysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of IDHTN and associated mortality risk in the global haemodialysis population.

Capacity for the management of kidney failure in the International Society of Nephrology Africa region: report from the 2023 ISN Global Kidney Atlas (ISN-GKHA).

The burden of chronic kidney disease and associated risk of kidney failure are increasing in Africa. The management of people with chronic kidney disease is fraught with numerous challenges because of limitations in health systems and infrastructures for care delivery. From the third iteration of the International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas, we describe the status of kidney care in the ISN Africa region using the World Health Organization building blocks for health systems.

Evaluation of eGFR methods in a sub-Saharan African community-based pediatric population.

Background: Accurate assessment of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) plays a pivotal role in the early detection, management, and optimal medication dosing for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, validation of eGFR, utilizing cystatin C-based equations, is limited in African children and adolescents with CKD. We evaluate the agreement of eGFR equations incorporating both cystatin C and creatinine in this specific population.

Use of Short Message Service (SMS) in a Chronic Kidney Disease Screening Programme: A Feasibility Study.

Background: Community screening for chronic kidney disease has often been based on single measurements of markers of kidney damage worldwide. The evaluation of kidney dysfunction and related risk factors may be facilitated by the deployment of telehealth services such as short message service.

Methodology: Cross-sectional study for screening participants for CKD and risk factors during a world kidney event at two communities in Calabar, Cross River State.

Apolipoprotein L1 gene variants and kidney disease in patients with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The risk of various types of kidney disease is significantly increased in the presence of APOL1 high-risk genotype (carriage of two risk alleles), particularly HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). However, there are discrepancies in the existing evidence about the level of association between APOL1 high-risk genotype and the risk of kidney diseases in people living with HIV (PLWHIV).

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between the APOL1 genotypes and kidney disease in the HIV population.

Early Identification of CKD-A Scoping Review of the Global Populations.

Introduction: Decisions on whether to screen for chronic kidney disease (CKD) or not remain contentious in nephrology. This study provides a global overview of early CKD identification efforts.

Methods: Guidelines for scoping reviews were followed and studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science, and PsycINFO.

Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease as a Marker of Hypertension Target Organ Damage in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Hypertension is a major global cause of cardiovascular disease and death with rising worldwide prevalence, particularly in low-income countries. With low awareness, poor treatment, and low control of hypertension in Africans, there is an increased number of patients with target organ damage (TOD), especially chronic kidney disease (CKD), as a consequence of hypertension. The aim of our study is to assess the prevalence of CKD from studies in Africa reporting TOD related to hypertension.

Testicular Volume in Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in Uyo, a South-South Nigerian City.

Introduction: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) often presents in early childhood with repeated vaso-occlusive crisis that leads to ischaemia, infarction and fibrosis which may result in a reduction in expected testicular volume (TV) at puberty.

Method: This was a cross-sectional study of 95 children with SCA aged 1-18 years compared with 95 age-matched controls. Participants responded to an interviewer-administered questionnaire, with their anthropometric measurements taken, pubertal maturity assessed by Tanner staging and testicular ultrasonography done.

Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment-Naïve Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Seropositive Patients in Uyo, Nigeria: Are the Demographics Changing?

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection poses a great health and economic burden, especially in developing nations where a high burden of disease has been described. A previous study in Uyo shows that some characteristics associated with a higher prevalence of HIV infection include female gender, exposure to tertiary level of education, and late disease presentation. This study aimed at determining the sociodemographic and the clinical characteristics of highly active antiretroviral treatment-naïve (HAART-naïve) HIV-seropositive patients at Uyo, Nigeria.

Demographics, Cost, and Sustainability of Haemodialysis among End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients in Southern Nigeria: A Single-Center Study.

Context: Access to chronic hemodialysis for patients with end-stage kidney disease has improved over the years. However, it is unclear if this has resulted in lower cost and improved dialysis vintage.

Aim: We aimed to assess the demographics, cost implication, and sustainability of maintenance hemodialysis in our cohort of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients.

Diagnostic performance of glomerular PLA2R and THSD7A antibodies in biopsy confirmed primary membranous nephropathy in South Africans.

Background: Serum and tissue-based tests using phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain containing 7A (THSD7A) are established immune biomarkers for the diagnosis of primary membranous nephropathy (PMN). This study assessed the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers in the diagnosis of PMN in South Africans.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis from a single centre in Cape Town, South Africa.

Association of Genetic Polymorphisms of TGF-β1, HMOX1, and APOL1 With CKD in Nigerian Patients With and Without HIV.

Rationale & Objective: Recent studies in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected population have suggested that there are genetic predispositions to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in this context. We investigated the association of genetic polymorphisms of the genes encoding apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1; a profibrotic cytokine), and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) with prevalent CKD among adults with and without HIV infection.

Study Design: Case-control study.

The Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Context/aims: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus share obesity as a common risk factor. The presence of OSA may contribute to increased morbidity and mortality of diabetes. Despite their close association, OSA is not routinely evaluated in diabetic patients.

Preventing CKD in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Call for Urgent Action.

The epidemiologic transition occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has led to a surge in chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence because of a combination of highly prevalent chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and communicable diseases (CDs). The progressive rise in CKD prevalence in LMICs threatens the existing weak health systems in these countries as care for advanced CKD remains largely unavailable and unaffordable. An interplay of low literacy levels, poor health-seeking behavior, inadequate health care funding, weak health systems, and lack of skilled nephrology workforce has made it difficult for adequate CKD preventive measures to be implemented.

Urinary Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (uTGF-β1) and Prevalent CKD Risk in HIV-Positive Patients in West Africa.

Introduction: This study investigated the association of urinary transforming growth factor-β1 (uTGF-β1) with prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the HIV-infected population.

Methods: HIV-positive patients without CKD (HIVCKD,  = 194) and 114 with CKD (HIVCKD) who did not have hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or hepatitis B or C, had their urinary protein-creatinine ratio (uPCR), serum transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and uTGF-β1 measured. uTGF-β1-creatinine ratios (uTGF-β1Cr) were calculated.

Prevalence and predictors of low back pain in a Southern Nigerian hospital.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is the most common musculoskeletal disease in adults. The data on LBP from Sub-Saharan Africa are inadequate. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and analyze the predictors of LBP among hospital staff in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Comparative tetanus antibody response of Nigerian children to diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus and pentavalent vaccines.

Background: In Nigeria and many parts of the world, the pentavalent vaccine is replacing the diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine in tetanus prevention.

Aims And Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the anti-tetanus immunoglobulin G (IgG) response of children who received DPT with those who received the pentavalent vaccine.

Subjects And Methods: A cross-sectional survey of anti-tetanus IgG levels in children aged 6 months to 5 years who received DPT and in children who received the pentavalent vaccine.

Prevalence and correlates of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Nigerian ART-naive HIV population: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: HIV infection environment presents a classic example of the interplay between infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors abound in the HIV population even before initiation of antiretrovirals (ARVs) and predispose them to the development of stroke and myocardial infarction. This work focuses on determining the prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors among ARV-naive HIV individuals in southern Nigeria.

Prevalence and correlates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among ART-naive HIV patients in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria.

Widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients has led to improved longevity with the attendant increase in noncommunicable disease prevalence including chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study documents the prevalence of CKD in a large HIV population in Southern Nigeria.This is a single center, 15-year analysis in ART-naïve patients.