The Global Burden of Emerging and Re-Emerging Orbiviruses in Livestock: An Emphasis on Bluetongue Virus and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) are vector-borne orbiviruses that pose an emerging threat to livestock, including cattle and sheep. This review summarizes the global distribution, genetic diversity, and key factors driving their spread along with the existing knowledge gaps and recommendations to mitigate their impact. Both viruses cause hemorrhagic disease in susceptible ruminants and are commonly reported in tropical and subtropical regions including North America, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and some parts of Europe.

Role of Nanotechnology in Ischemic Stroke: Advancements in Targeted Therapies and Diagnostics for Enhanced Clinical Outcomes.

Each year, the number of cases of strokes and deaths due to this is increasing around the world. This could be due to work stress, lifestyles, unhealthy food habits, and several other reasons. Currently, there are several traditional methods like thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy for managing strokes.

Edge-Cloud Synergy for AI-Enhanced Sensor Network Data: A Real-Time Predictive Maintenance Framework.

Sensor networks generate vast amounts of data in real-time, which challenges existing predictive maintenance frameworks due to high latency, energy consumption, and bandwidth requirements. This research addresses these limitations by proposing an edge-cloud hybrid framework, leveraging edge devices for immediate anomaly detection and cloud servers for in-depth failure prediction. A K-Nearest Neighbors (KNNs) model is deployed on edge devices to detect anomalies in real-time, reducing the need for continuous data transfer to the cloud.

Status of Inappropriate Complementary Feeding and Its Associated Factors Among Infants of 9-23 Months.

Inappropriate complementary feeding during the first two years of life significantly impacts children's health, increasing risks of malnutrition and illness. : This study investigates factors influencing early feeding patterns among 600 mothers of children aged 9-23 months in selected hospitals in Punjab, Pakistan. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected and analyzed, with associations measured by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

A novel and efficient digital image steganography technique using least significant bit substitution.

Steganography is used to hide sensitive types of data including images, audio, text, and videos in an invisible way so that no one can detect it. Image-based steganography is a technique that uses images as a cover media for hiding and transmitting sensitive information over the internet. However, image-based steganography is a challenging task due to transparency, security, computational efficiency, tamper protection, payload, etc.

Thyroid Eye Disease and Artificial Intelligence: A Comparative Study of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4o, and Gemini in Patient Information Delivery.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 3 artificial intelligence language models-GPT-3.5, GPT-4o, and Gemini, in delivering patient-centered information about thyroid eye disease (TED). We evaluated their performance based on the accuracy and comprehensiveness of their responses to common patient inquiries regarding TED.

Development of a Tandem Mass Spectral Library for the Detection of Triterpenoids in Plant Metabolome Based on Reference Standards.

Plant triterpenoids represent a diverse group of secondary metabolites and are thought to be valuable for therapeutic applications. For drug development, lead optimization, better knowledge of biological pathways, and high-throughput detection of secondary metabolites in plant extracts are crucial. This paper describes a qualitative method for the rapid and accurate identification of various triterpenoids in plant extracts using the LC-HR-ESI-MS/MS tool in combination with the data-dependent acquisition (DD) approach.

STARD7 maintains intestinal epithelial mitochondria architecture, barrier integrity, and protection from colitis.

Susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC) is linked with loss of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and mitochondria dysfunction. Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein-related lipid transfer (START) domain-containing protein 7 (STARD7) is a phosphatidylcholine-specific (PC-specific) lipid transfer protein that transports PC from the ER to the mitochondria, facilitating mitochondria membrane stabilization and respiration function. The aim of this study was to define the contribution of STARD7 in the regulation of the intestinal epithelial mitochondrial function and susceptibility to colitis.

Use of a nasal obturator of computer-aided design in managing hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

This clinical report describes the nonsurgical treatment of a patient suffering from severe epistaxis associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Unlike the permanent surgical closure of the nostrils, known as the Young procedure, this treatment option provides interim relief from nasal obstruction. It includes the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and computer-aided design (CAD) to create a patient-specific silicone nasal obturator without the need for an impression of the nasal cavity, thereby preventing irritation to the delicate nasal mucosa that could instigate epistaxis.

An analysis of decipherable red blood cell abnormality detection under federated environment leveraging XAI incorporated deep learning.

In recent times, automated detection of diseases from pathological images leveraging Machine Learning (ML) models has become fairly common, where the ML models learn detecting the disease by identifying biomarkers from the images. However, such an approach requires the models to be trained on a vast amount of data, and healthcare organizations often tend to limit access due to privacy concerns. Consequently, collecting data for traditional centralized training becomes challenging.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the orbit: pediatric case series.

Objective: To describe the clinical, imaging characteristics, and treatment of pediatric orbital Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH).

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: Children with orbital LCH.

Novel Anti-Tumor Effect of Natural Products from Aloe vera Resin and their In-Vitro/In-Silico Targeting Mechanism of Carbonic Anhydrase-II and IX.

Human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) plays a vital role in the development and progression of tumors in hypoxic conditions. Herein we report the hCA-II and hCA-IX activities of natural products isolated from Aloe vera (L.) Burm.

Synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole-tethered N-acyl hydrazones as a new class of carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors: In vitro and in silico potentials.

Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in several processes, including respiration, lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, calcification, bone resorption, and electrolyte balance. It is a pivotal druggable target which is implicated in glaucoma, renal, gastric, and pancreatic carcinomas, as well as in malignant brain tumours. Therefore, to identify new CA II (bovine) inhibitors, the current study was designed to synthesize a library of 20 new triazole-linked hydrazones (6a-t).

Advances in agar-based composites: A comprehensive review.

This review article explores the developments and applications in agar-based composites (ABCs), emphasizing various constituents such as metals, clay/ceramic, graphene, and polymers across diversified fields like wastewater treatment, drug delivery, food packaging, the energy sector, biomedical engineering, bioplastics, agriculture, and cosmetics. The focus is on agar as a sustainable and versatile biodegradable polysaccharide, highlighting research that has advanced the technology of ABCs. A bibliometric analysis is conducted using the Web of Science database, covering publications from January 2020 to March 2024, processed through VOSviewer Software Version 1.

RIPK3 and caspase-8 interpret cytokine signals to regulate ILC3 survival in the gut.

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are abundant in the developing or healthy intestine to critically support tissue homeostasis in response to microbial colonization. However, intestinal ILC3s are reduced during chronic infections, colorectal cancer, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the mechanisms driving these alterations remain poorly understood. Here we employed RNA sequencing of ILC3s from IBD patients and observed a significant upregulation of RIPK3, the central regulator of necroptosis, during intestinal inflammation.

2D MXene-Based Nanoscale Materials for Electrochemical Sensing Toward the Detection of Hazardous Pollutants: A Perspective.

MXenes (MXT), a subgroup of 2-dimensional (2D) materials, specifically comprise transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. They exhibit exceptional electrocatalytic and photocatalytic properties, making them well-suited for the detection and removal of pollutants from aqueous environments. Because of their high surface area and remarkable properties, they are being utilized in various applications, including catalysis, sensing, and adsorption, to combat pollution and mitigate its adverse effects.

Insights into chemistry, extraction and industrial application of lemon grass essential oil -A review of recent advances.

Lemongrass essential oil (LEO), extracted from high-oil lemongrass, gains prominence as a versatile natural product due to growing demand for safe health solutions. LEO comprises beneficial compounds like citral, isoneral, geraniol, and citronellal, offering diverse pharmacological benefits such as antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer effects. LEO finds applications in food preservation, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, enhancing profitability across these sectors.

Revealing the full potential of CsPbIBr perovskite solar cells: advancements towards enhanced performance.

Cesium lead iodide bromide (CsPbIBr) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have improved stability compared to other perovskite compositions. However, they still face significant challenges due to their poor photovoltaic performance parameters, which limit the devices' power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). This study proposes a novel device design to tailor the potential of CsPbIBr PSCs by improving their optoelectronic properties.

Polymeric Micellar Nanoparticles Enable Image-guided Drug Delivery in Solid Tumors.

We report the development of a nanotechnology to co-deliver chemocoxib A with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activatable and COX-2 targeted pro-fluorescent probe, fluorocoxib Q (FQ) enabling real time visualization of COX-2 and CA drug delivery into solid cancers, using a di-block PPS - -POEGA copolymer, selected for its intrinsic responsiveness to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), a key trait of the tumor microenvironment. FQ and CA were synthesized independently, then co-encapsulated within micellar PPS - -POEGA co-polymeric nanoparticles (FQ-CA-NPs), and were assessed for cargo concentration, hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, and ROS-dependent cargo release. The uptake of FQ-CA-NPs in mouse mammary cancer cells and cargo release was assessed by fluorescence microscopy.