Patterns of Occupational Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Health Care Personnel in a Tertiary Care Institute in South India - A Retrospective Case Series.

Background: Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for occupational human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure involves the comprehensive measures used to prevent transmission of blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus through various strategies such as first aid, counseling, risk assessment, relevant laboratory investigations with informed consent, the provision of short-term anti-retroviral drugs, and follow-up testing.

Aim And Objectives: We sought to investigate the patterns and causes of occupational exposure in health care workers (HCWs) in our institute and the usage of PEP in our center, a tertiary care hospital in south India.

Materials And Methods: The study involved a retrospective analysis of data extracted from the records of PEP usage from the anti-retroviral treatment (ART) center attached to the dermatology, venereology and leprosy out-patient department of a tertiary care center in south India.

Expression of CD117 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α in patients with alopecia areata.

Background: Alopecia areata is a disease of uncertain, probably autoimmune etiology. The role of growth factors like platelet-derived growth factor and C-kit (CD117) in alopecia areata is unknown.

Aims: To compare the expression of CD117 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α in tissue samples of alopecia areata and normal controls.

Metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis: A comparative study.

Background: Psoriasis patients are at increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome (MS). Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 that are increased in the psoriatic plaques are known to contribute to features of MS such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.

Aims: (1) To establish the frequency of MS in patients with psoriasis.

Extensive Darier's disease with pityriasis amiantacea, alopecia and congenital facial nerve palsy.

We present a 65-year-old man with Darier disease with pityriasis amiantacea on the scalp, alopecia, and congenital facial nerve palsy.

Congenital insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis: a case report from South India.

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis, also known as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the congenital lack of pain sensation, inability to sweat, episodes of recurrent hyperpyrexia, mental retardation, and self-mutilating behavior. It is an extremely rare disorder with only a handful of reports from India. A five- year- old boy, born to second-degree consanguineous parents after uneventful antenatal period, presented to us with history of recurrent unexplained fever, recurrent ulcers in the lower limbs, insensitivity to painful stimuli (like injections, vaccination) and self-mutilating behavior from early childhood.

Multiple facial cylindromas: a case report.

Cylindroma is a benign skin appendageal tumor arising from pluripotent stem cells in the folliculo-sebaceous-apocrine unit. Multiple cylindromas are usually seen as a component of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome (BSS) or as the only skin lesions of familial cylindromatosis (FC). The usual site of occurrence of such tumors is the scalp.

Congenital onychogryphosis: Leaning Tower nail.

A 45-year-old man presented with a thickened and raised nail of his left fifth finger since birth. He was otherwise healthy. On examination, the nail of the left little finger was markedly thickened, hyperkeratotic, and situated at an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the long axis of the distal phalanx.

Phenotypic and dermatological manifestations in Down Syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with various uncommon dermatological disorders and increased frequency of some common dermatoses. This study was conducted over a 2-year period to evaluate the frequency of phenotypic and dermatologic manifestations in patients with Down syndrome in south India. The most common phenotypic manifestations that characterize DS include the epicanthic fold (93.

Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria: a case report.

Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH) is usually an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder characterized by the presence of hypopigmented as well as hyperpigmented macules. We report an Indian patient with DUH with widespread involvement of skin including the face, oral mucous membranes (including tongue), and palms and soles. Our patient also exhibited nail changes, involvement of scalp hair, and keratosis pilaris.

Subungual exostosis of the thumb.

A 19-year-old girl presented with painful raised skin lesions over the right thumb for the past one year that had ulcerated over the last one month. On examination, a lobulated nodule of bony-hard consistency, measuring around 2 cm was present over the lateral aspect of the tip of the right thumb. The lesion was tender and the overlying skin showed superficial erosions.