Weak noncovalent interactions in two positional isomers of acrylonitrile derivatives: inputs from PIXEL energy, Hirshfeld surface and QTAIM analyses.

A single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was performed on two positional isomers (-tolyl and -tolyl) of acrylonitrile derivatives, namely, (Z)-3-(4-(pyridin-2-yl) phenyl)-2-(m-tolyl) acrylonitrile () and (Z)-3-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-2-(p-tolyl) acrylonitrile (). Compound crystallized in the monoclinic 2/n space group with two crystallographically independent molecules. Compound also possesses two crystallographically independent molecules and crystallized in the triclinic -1 space group.

Stacking herbicide detoxification and resistant genes improves glyphosate tolerance and reduces phytotoxicity in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Glyphosate residues retained in the growing meristematic tissues or in grains of glyphosate-resistant crops affect the plants physiological functions and crop yield. Removing glyphosate residues in the plants is desirable with no penalty on crop yield and quality. We report a new combination of scientific strategy to detoxify glyphosate that reduces the residual levels and improve crop resistance.

Hierarchical porous carbon foam electrodes fabricated from waste polyurethane elastomer template for electric double-layer capacitors.

Plastic waste has become a major global environmental concern. The utilization of solid waste-derived porous carbon for energy storage has received widespread attention in recent times. Herein, we report the comparison of electrochemical performance of porous carbon foams (CFs) produced from waste polyurethane (PU) elastomer templates via two different activation pathways.

Molecular Docking and Interaction Studies of Identified Abscisic Acid Receptors in An Perspective on Comprehending Stress Tolerance Mechanisms.

Background: Abiotic stresses affect plants in several ways and as such, phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) play an important role in conferring tolerance towards these stresses. Hence, to comprehend the role of ABA and its interaction with receptors of the plants, a thorough investigation is essential.

Aim: The current study aimed to identify the ABA receptors in to find the receptor that binds best with ABA and to examine the mutations present to help predict better binding of the receptors with ABA.

Protective Effect of Lactobacillus sporogenes against Arsenic-Induced Hematological Alterations in Male Albino Wistar Rats.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the arsenic-induced hemotoxicity and to evaluate the protective effects of Lactobacillus sporogenes in male albino Wistar rats. A total of 36 adult male albino Wistar rats were procured and divided into 3 groups of 12 animals each. Group 1 rats served as control, group 2 rats were administered sodium arsenite (@5 mg/kg BW/day), groups 3 rats were supplemented with L.

Composite Carbon Foams as an Alternative to the Conventional Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon in Catalytic Application.

The suitability of a new type of polyurethane-based composite carbon foam for several possible usages is evaluated and reported. A comparison of the properties of the as-prepared carbon foams was performed with widely available commercial biomass-derived activated carbon. Carbon foams were synthesized from polyurethane foams with different graphite contents through one-step activation using CO.

Development of Highly Efficient, Glassy Carbon Foam Supported, Palladium Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene.

Glassy carbon foam (GCF) catalyst supports were synthesized from waste polyurethane elastomers by impregnating them in sucrose solution followed by pyrolysis and activation (AC) using N and CO gas. The palladium nanoparticles were formed from Pd(NO). The formed palladium nanoparticles are highly dispersive because the mean diameters are 8.

Development of bacterial cellulose-ZnO-MWCNT hybrid membranes: a study of structural and mechanical properties.

Self-supported and flexible bacterial cellulose (BC) based hybrid membranes were synthesized and decorated with zinc oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotube (ZnO-MWCNT) composite additives in order to modify and tune their surface and bulk properties. Two types of ZnO-MWCNT additives with different morphologies were used in a wide concentration range from 0 to 90% for BC-based hybrids produced by filtration. The interaction between BC and ZnO-MWCNT and the effect of concentration and morphology of additives on the properties like zeta potential, hydrophilicity, electrical conductivity, etc.

Carbonyl Cytotoxicity Affects Plant Cellular Processes and Detoxifying Enzymes Scavenge These Compounds to Improve Stress Tolerance.

Oxidative stress is ubiquitous in environmental stresses and prevails over the cellular metabolic and phenotypic responses in plants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated under stress affect macromolecules to form another group of toxic compounds called reactive carbonyl compounds (RCCs). These molecules have a longer half-life than ROS and cause carbonyl stress that affects cellular metabolism, cellular homeostasis, and crop productivity.

Temperature and Time Dependence of the Solvent-Induced Crystallization of Poly(-lactide).

The role of organic solvents in governing the crystallization and morphology of semi-crystalline poly--lactide (PLLA) sheets was systematically investigated. Three different organic solvents; ethyl acetate (EA), o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB), and nitrobenzene (NB), with a solubility parameter analogous to PLLA and with a high capability of swelling, were chosen. It has been witnessed that the degree of crystallization and crystal morphology depends highly on the degree of swelling and evaporation rate of the solvent.

Qu-anti-tative analysis of weak non-covalent inter-actions in ()-3-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-2-phenyl-acrylo-nitrile: insights from and Hirshfeld surface analysis.

In the solid state, the title compound, CHClN, is disordered over two orientations with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.86 (2):0.14 (2).

Introgression of Root and Water Use Efficiency Traits Enhances Water Productivity: An Evidence for Physiological Breeding in Rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Background: Semi-irrigated aerobic cultivation of rice has been suggested as a potential water saving agronomy. However, suitable cultivars are needed in order to sustain yield levels. An introgression of water mining and water use efficiency (WUE) traits is the most appropriate strategy for a comprehensive genetic enhancement to develop such rice cultivars.

Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Efficiency of ZnO/MWCNT Nanocomposites Prepared Under Different Solvent Conditions.

Here we report the application of zinc oxide (ZnO) coated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites in the photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde (AA). Zinc oxide nanoparticles were successfully coated on the multi-walled carbon nanotube via impregnation process using zinc acetate (Zn(CH₃COO)₂×2H₂O) as precursor and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treated multiwalled carbon nanotube as raw material under different solvent conditions. The applied solvents during preparation were ethanol (EtOH) and water (H₂O).

Identification of splice variant of in ssp. genotypes under salinity stress.

G-box-binding factors are plant transcription factors, involved in a wide range of biological processes including abiotic stress responses. In this study, we analyzed the expression of during salt stress in two contrasting spp. genotypes, and .

GBF3 transcription factor imparts drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Drought transcriptome analysis of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) by cDNA subtraction identified drought responsive genes that have a potential role in drought tolerance. Through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in a related crop species, maize (Zea mays), several genes, including a G-BOX BINDING FACTOR 3 (GBF3) were identified as candidate drought stress response genes and the role of GBF3 in drought tolerance was studied in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of both EcGBF3 and AtGBF3 in A.

Overexpression of Pea DNA Helicase 45 (PDH45) imparts tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in chili (Capsicum annuum L.).

Imparting tolerance to abiotic stresses is of global importance as they inflict significant yield losses in field as well as in vegetable crops. Transcriptional activators, including helicases are identified to play a pivotal role in stress mitigation. Helicases, also known as molecular motors, are involved in myriad cellular processes that impart intrinsic tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants.

Unusual presentation of disseminated histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent patient.

Disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) is a systemic granulomatous disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This disease occurs mainly in immunocompromised individuals with CD 4 counts less than 200 cell/µL and is rarely noted in immunocompetent person. In India, this disease has been reported from several parts of the country of which most cases are from eastern India which is considered to be endemic for this disease.

Aldo-keto reductase-1 (AKR1) protect cellular enzymes from salt stress by detoxifying reactive cytotoxic compounds.

Cytotoxic compounds like reactive carbonyl compounds such as methylglyoxal (MG), melandialdehyde (MDA), besides the ROS accumulate significantly at higher levels under salinity stress conditions and affect lipids and proteins that inhibit plant growth and productivity. The detoxification of these cytotoxic compounds by overexpression of NADPH-dependent Aldo-ketoreductase (AKR1) enzyme enhances the salinity stress tolerance in tobacco. The PsAKR1 overexpression plants showed higher survival and chlorophyll content and reduced MDA, H2O2, and MG levels under NaCl stress.

Root transcriptome of two contrasting indica rice cultivars uncovers regulators of root development and physiological responses.

The huge variation in root system architecture (RSA) among different rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars is conferred by their genetic makeup and different growth or climatic conditions. Unlike model plant Arabidopsis, the molecular basis of such variation in RSA is very poorly understood in rice. Cultivars with stable variation are valuable resources for identification of genes involved in RSA and related physiological traits.

Numerical investigation of exhaust gas emissions for a dual fuel engine configuration using diesel and pongamia oil.

The investigation presented in this paper focuses on determination of gaseous exhaust emissions by computational simulation during combustion in compression ignition engine with pongamia oil substitution. Combustion is modeled using Equilibrium Constants Method (ECM) with MATLAB program to calculate the mole fraction of 10 combustion products when pongamia oil is burnt along with diesel at variable equivalence ratio and blend ratio. It had been observed that pongamia oil substitution causes decrease in the CO emission and increase in the NO emission as the blend ratio as well as equivalence ratio increases.

Transcriptome Analysis of Sunflower Genotypes with Contrasting Oxidative Stress Tolerance Reveals Individual- and Combined- Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms.

In nature plants are often simultaneously challenged by different biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the mechanisms underlying plant responses against single stress have been studied considerably, plant tolerance mechanisms under combined stress is not understood. Also, the mechanism used to combat independently and sequentially occurring many number of biotic and abiotic stresses has also not systematically studied.

Co-overexpression of Brassica juncea NPR1 (BjNPR1) and Trigonella foenum-graecum defensin (Tfgd) in transgenic peanut provides comprehensive but varied protection against Aspergillus flavus and Cercospora arachidicola.

Coexpression of two antifungal genes ( NPR1 and defensin ) in transgenic peanut results in the development of resistance to two major fungal pathogens, Aspergillus flavus and Cercospora arachidicola. Fungal diseases have been one of the principal causes of crop losses with no exception to peanut (Arachis hypogeae L.), a major oilseed crop in Asia and Africa.

Overexpression of EcbHLH57 Transcription Factor from Eleusine coracana L. in Tobacco Confers Tolerance to Salt, Oxidative and Drought Stress.

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors constitute one of the largest families in plants and are known to be involved in various developmental processes and stress tolerance. We report the characterization of a stress responsive bHLH transcription factor from stress adapted species finger millet which is homologous to OsbHLH57 and designated as EcbHLH57. The full length sequence of EcbHLH57 consisted of 256 amino acids with a conserved bHLH domain followed by leucine repeats.

Identification of Putative Molecular Markers Associated with Root Traits in Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner.

Coffea canephora exhibit poor root system and are very sensitive to drought stress that affects growth and production. Deeper root system has been largely empirical as better avoidance to soil water limitation in drought condition. The present study aimed to identify molecular markers linked to high root types in Coffea canephora using molecular markers.