Publications by authors named "Uday Ghoshal"
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (Salmonella) resides and multiplies intracellularly in cholesterol-rich compartments called Salmonella-containing vacuoles (SCVs) with actin-rich tubular extensions known as Salmonella-induced filaments (SIFs). SCV maturation depends on host-derived cholesterol, but the transport mechanism of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol to SCVs remains unclear. Here we find that peroxisomes are recruited to SCVs and function as pro-bacterial organelle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Aim: Spectrum of esophageal motility disorders may differ according to age, but studies on this are scanty, contradictory, and included small number of patients. Accordingly, we retrospectively analyzed data of a large sample of patients to study the spectrum of esophageal motility disorders in relation to age, and to evaluate the clinical profile and high-resolution manometry parameters and achalasia subtypes according to Chicago IV criteria.
Methods: Of 909 patients evaluated by high-resolution water perfusion or solid-state manometry during a 3-year period, data on 801 were finally analyzed.
Article Synopsis
- * Overlapping DGBI patients tend to have more severe gastrointestinal symptoms and a higher psychosocial burden, influenced by various factors such as gut motility, brain function, immune response, and genetic markers.
- * Recent research indicates that alterations in the gut microbiome may play a crucial role in the mechanisms of DGBI, which could help refine diagnostic and treatment approaches for better patient outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder that causes recurrent severe nausea and vomiting, often leading to missed diagnoses and high healthcare costs, with research primarily focused in regions like the US.
- The purpose of this review is to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of CVS worldwide, highlighting gaps in current knowledge and the need for increased awareness and collaboration.
- It emphasizes the importance of addressing disparities in health outcomes, particularly for African Americans and Hispanics in the US, to improve targeted interventions and achieve equitable healthcare globally.
Background And Aim: Although rapid on-site cytological evaluation (ROSE) for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) may increase diagnostic yield, it is not widely available. Macroscopic on-site evaluation (MOSE) is an alternative modality although it is not standardized for EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy (FNB). We evaluated diagnostic performance of MOSE compared with conventional technique of EUS-TA using core biopsy needle.
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- Acute liver failure (ALF) is a critical condition that may require liver transplantation, with its main causes in India being viral, particularly hepatitis A which accounts for 44.2% of cases.
- A study analyzed 183 ALF patients from four major hospitals in India between 2021 and 2023, highlighting the effectiveness of interventions such as plasma exchange (PLEx) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), showing a low rate of liver transplants at only 3.8%.
- Key predictors of mortality included advanced hepatic encephalopathy and meeting specific medical criteria at admission, suggesting the importance of early intervention and potential for improved outcomes with vaccination against hepatitis A.
Small intestine, hitherto an obscure area for endoscopists before 2000, is now easily evaluated non-invasively using capsule endoscopy and invasively by device-assisted enteroscopies. Major advances in understanding the causes and management of small bowel diseases have been in obscure gastrointestinal (GI) bleed, currently re-named as small bowel bleed, after the discovery of capsule endoscopy. The current article is a narrative review of the technology of capsule endoscopy, its advantages and limitations, future perspective and Indian studies on its utility in patients with small bowel bleed.
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- - Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is a rare but severe fungal infection that primarily affects the stomach and can be particularly deadly in individuals with weakened immune systems, like those with Crohn's disease.
- - Patients with Crohn's disease often face complications like perianal involvement, which can be debilitating and may necessitate aggressive treatment, including immunosuppressive therapies.
- - The case of a middle-aged woman with perianal Crohn's disease on adalimumab who developed colonic mucormycosis illustrates the importance of recognizing fungal infections as potential triggers for flare-ups in inflammatory bowel disease.
Background: This SRMA reviewed and assessed the changes in the severity of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, and evaluated factors associated with symptom severity changes.
Methods: Electronic databases were searched until February 2024, for articles reporting on changes in symptom severity in DGBI patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The proportion of DGBI patients who reported a change in their symptom severity were pooled using a random-effects model, and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the effect of socio-cultural modifiers on symptom severity in DGBI.
Background: Mental health is an overlooked aspect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patient care with limited data from the developing world. The primary caregiver burden is expected to be high, but has not been evaluated.
Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey of consecutive out-patients with no diagnosed mental health illness (n = 289) and their primary caregivers (n = 247) from 10 centers across eight countries (Bangladesh, India, Iran, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand) of IBD-Emerging Nations' Consortium (ENC).
Article Synopsis
- Rome IV criteria for IBS are less sensitive than Rome III but identify more severe cases, which can influence how often patients seek medical help.
- A study compared the diagnosis and symptom severity of IBS in clinic patients using both Rome III and IV criteria, revealing that fewer patients showed discordance between the two criteria in the clinic compared to earlier community data from India.
- Patients meeting either Rome III or Rome IV criteria in the clinic reported more severe IBS symptoms, particularly regarding pain, compared to those who only met the Rome III criteria.
Disorders of the gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) are presently classified into mutually exclusive anatomical area-related symptom-based categories according to the Rome IV criteria. The pathophysiology of visceral nociception, which contributes to the wide range of symptoms of DGBIs, involves complex psychobiological processes arising from the bidirectional interactions of multiple systems at the gut and brain levels, which affect symptom expression and illness behaviors. The attitude toward an illness and expression of pain and bowel habit vary across cultures with variable interpretation based on sociocultural beliefs, which may not tally with the medical definitions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objectives: Hepatitis A virus (HAV)-related hepatitis is witnessing an epidemiological transition with increasing trends in adults. While uncomplicated hepatitis remains common, evidence suggests it to be a growing cause for acute liver failure (ALF). In between the two extremes exists severe acute liver injury (s-ALI) which has a propensity to transition to ALF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFManaging irritable bowel syndrome: balancing diet and pharmacotherapy.
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol
June 2024
Article Synopsis
- Acute viral hepatitis E (HEV) is common in India and usually results in self-limited disease, but chronic forms are becoming more recognized.
- A case involved a 72-year-old diabetic woman who initially had elevated liver enzymes related to metabolic dysfunction and later developed acute-on-chronic liver failure, testing positive for HEV.
- Despite management, her liver enzymes remained high, leading to a biopsy that indicated autoimmune hepatitis.
Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is uncommon and predominantly affects females. Data on AIH from India are scanty. We retrospectively analyzed the spectrum and outcome of adults with AIH and compared it between male and female patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Obscure gastrointestinal bleed (OGIB), now called small bowel bleed (SBB), comprises 5% to 10% of all gastrointestinal (GI) bleed episodes and capsule endoscopy (CE) is a tool for its evaluation. Studies on CE in a large sample of SBB patients from the tropics are limited.
Methods: We did a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients with SBB undergoing CE using PillCam or MiroCam CE.