Experimental and Computational Studies on Domain-Swapped Structure Stabilization of an Antibody Light Chain by Disulfide Bond Introduction.

Development of different platforms would be useful for designing functional antibodies to improve the efficiency of antibody-based drugs. Three-dimensional domain swapping (3D-DS) may occur in the variable region of antibody light chain #4C214A, and a pair of domain-swapped dimers may interact with each other to form a tetramer. In this study, to stabilize the 3D-DS dimer structure in #4C214A, Val2 in strand A (swapping region) and Thr97 in strand G were replaced with Cys residues, generating #4 V2C/T97C/C214A with a Cys2-Cys97 disulfide bond that cross-links strands A and G of different protomers.

Preoperative interhemispheric coherence as a potential predictive marker for seizure outcome after total corpus callosotomy in nonlesional generalized epilepsy: a scalp EEG study.

Objective: Corpus callosotomy (CC) is one of the palliative epilepsy surgical procedures available for nonlesional generalized epilepsy, but it is more invasive than other palliative surgical procedures. The main challenge is proper selection of suitable patients for CC. Coherence analysis is a method for evaluating brain connectivity, but the correlation between preoperative coherence and surgical outcomes has not previously been clarified.

Awake Craniotomy in Epilepsy Surgery: A Case Series and Proposal for Three Different Scenarios.

Objective: Awake craniotomy (AWC) allows intraoperative evaluation of functions involving the cortical surface and subcortical fibers. In epilepsy surgery, indications for and the role of AWC have not been established because evaluation with intracranial electrodes is considered the gold standard. We report herein our case series of patients who underwent AWC in epilepsy surgery and propose the scenarios for and roles of AWC.

Deep learning based automatic detection and dipole estimation of epileptic discharges in MEG: a multi-center study.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) provides crucial information in diagnosing focal epilepsy. However, dipole estimation, a commonly used analysis method for MEG, can be time-consuming since it necessitates neurophysiologists to manually identify epileptic spikes. To reduce this burden, we developed the automatic detection of spikes using deep learning in single center.

Location-based selection of the surgical approach to preserve the hippocampus in lesion-associated temporal lobe epilepsy.

Background And Objectives: Surgical resections for lesions associated with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) offers good seizure outcomes.However, the necessity of hippocampectomy in addition to lesionectomy is controversial, especially when the hippocampus is not involved by the lesion. Lesionectomy alone, preserving the hippocampus by an appropriate surgical approach, might offer good seizure outcomes while maintaining neurocognitive function.

Neuroradiological, genetic and clinical characteristics of histone H3 K27-mutant diffuse midline gliomas in the Kansai Molecular Diagnosis Network for CNS Tumors (Kansai Network): multicenter retrospective cohort.

This study aims to elucidate the clinical and molecular characteristics, treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with histone H3 K27-mutant diffuse midline glioma. We retrospectively analyzed 93 patients with diffuse midline glioma (47 thalamus, 24 brainstem, 12 spinal cord and 10 other midline locations) treated at 24 affiliated hospitals in the Kansai Molecular Diagnosis Network for CNS Tumors. Considering the term "midline" areas, which had been confused in previous reports, we classified four midline locations based on previous reports and anatomical findings.

Endoscopic trans-orbital approach for the tumor-related epilepsy at the temporal tip.

Minimally invasive surgery is gaining increasing interest in epilepsy surgery. In this video, the authors present the endoscopic transorbital approach for an epileptogenic lesion located at the temporal tip. The patient was a man in his 40s who has had intractable focal impaired awareness seizures and focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures since he was 31 years of age.

Characteristics of malignant brain tumor-associated epileptic spasms.

Although epilepsy is the most common comorbidity of brain tumors, epileptic spasms rarely occur. Brain tumors associated with epileptic spasms are mostly low-grade gliomas. To date, few studies in the literature have reported on malignant (Grades 3-4) brain tumors associated with epileptic spasms.

Vertical Parasagittal Hemispherotomy.

Hemispherotomy is a surgical procedure aimed at the treatment of hemispheric epilepsy. Hemispherotomy disconnects the commissural fibers, projecting fibers, and limbic system while preserving most of the brain parenchyma, unlike conventional hemispherectomy. Hemispherotomy is one of most complicated operations currently used in epilepsy surgery and requires a high-level understanding of the intrinsic neuroanatomy.

Enzymatization of mouse monoclonal antibodies to the corresponding catalytic antibodies.

Catalytic antibodies possess a dual function that enables both antigen recognition and degradation. However, their time-consuming preparation is a significant drawback. This study developed a new method for quickly converting mice monoclonal antibodies into catalytic antibodies using site-directed mutagenesis.

Successful Hemispherotomy in a Patient With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Who Had Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy With Spike-and-Wave Activation During Sleep.

We report a case of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation during sleep with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in a patient who had undergone hemispherotomy and achieved developmental improvement. A four-year-old male child with paralysis on the left side of his body since birth had a mild developmental delay.

Total Corpus Callosotomy via Posterior Approach with Endoscopic-Alone Technique.

Two main surgical techniques are available for corpus callosotomy (CC): conventional microscopic CC and endoscopic CC. Microscopic CC is more familiar to neurosurgeons and allows three-dimensional visualization, but it requires a larger craniotomy and has a narrower visual angle in the deep part. Endoscopic CC has only recently been introduced to epilepsy surgery, but it is gaining increasing interest among epilepsy surgeons.

Total callosotomy ameliorates epileptic activity and improves cognitive function in a patient with Miller-Dieker syndrome.

Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS) is characterized by facial abnormalities and lissencephaly and is caused by a microdeletion in the region containing the gene at chromosome 17p13.3. We report a case in which postnatal neuroimaging revealed severe lissencephaly.

Changes in interhemispheric coherence after total corpus callosotomy: a scalp EEG study in children with non-lesional generalized epilepsy.

Purpose: Coherence analysis in electroencephalography (EEG) allows measurement of the degree of consistency of amplitude between pairs of electrodes. Theoretically, disconnective epilepsy surgery should decrease coherence between corresponding areas. The study aimed to evaluate postoperative changes in interhemispheric coherence values after corpus callosotomy (CC).

A scoping review of seizure onset pattern in SEEG and a proposal for morphological classification.

Background: Seizure onset pattern (SOP) represents an alteration of electroencephalography (EEG) morphology at the beginning of seizure activity in epilepsy. With stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG), a method for intracranial EEG evaluation, many morphological SOP classifications have been reported without established consensus. These inconsistent classifications with ambiguous terminology present difficulties to communication among epileptologists.

Comprehensive understanding of the crystal structure of perovskite-type BaYO with Zr substitution: a theoretical and experimental study.

We previously reported that Zr substitution improves the chemical stability of BaYO and nominally 20 mol% Zr-substituted BaYO is an oxide-ion conductor at intermediate temperatures (500-700 °C). However, the influence of Zr substitution on the structural properties of BaYO was poorly understood. This paper aims to comprehensively understand the crystal structure of BaYO with Zr substitution by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements, and first-principles calculations.

Prediction of MGMT promotor methylation status in glioblastoma by contrast-enhanced T1-weighted intensity image.

Background: The study aims to explore MRI phenotypes that predict glioblastoma's (GBM) methylation status of the promoter region of gene (pMGMT) by qualitatively assessing contrast-enhanced T1-weighted intensity images.

Methods: A total of 193 histologically and molecularly confirmed GBMs at the Kansai Network for Molecular Diagnosis of Central Nervous Tumors (KANSAI) were used as an exploratory cohort. From the Cancer Imaging Archive/Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) 93 patients were used as validation cohorts.

Neuroimaging of Brain Tumor Surgery and Epilepsy.

To make the best clinical judgements, surgeons need to integrate information acquired via multimodal imaging [...

Structural and thermodynamic insights into antibody light chain tetramer formation through 3D domain swapping.

Overexpression of antibody light chains in small plasma cell clones can lead to misfolding and aggregation. On the other hand, the formation of amyloid fibrils from antibody light chains is related to amyloidosis. Although aggregation of antibody light chain is an important issue, atomic-level structural examinations of antibody light chain aggregates are sparse.

Experimental and quantitative evaluation of frequency modulation caused by Doppler effect around high-speed moving sound source.

High-speed train noise remains a wayside environmental issue. For accurate noise prediction, the characteristics of a moving sound source must be revealed. In this work, the frequency modulation of sound waves emitted from a high-speed moving sound source was experimentally investigated.

Use of an Endoscope Reduces the Size of Craniotomy Without Increasing Operative Time Compared With Conventional Microscopic Corpus Callosotomy.

Background And Objectives: Corpus callosotomy (CC) is an epilepsy surgery that disconnects the commissural fibers at the corpus callosum, a structure that often plays a key role in propagating seizure activity. CC is particularly beneficial in patients with drop attacks. Less invasive endoscopic surgeries have recently been introduced to some fields of neurosurgery but have not yet become common in epilepsy surgery.

AI-based Virtual Synthesis of Methionine PET from Contrast-enhanced MRI: Development and External Validation Study.

Background Carbon 11 (C)-methionine is a useful PET radiotracer for the management of patients with glioma, but radiation exposure and lack of molecular imaging facilities limit its use. Purpose To generate synthetic methionine PET images from contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI through an artificial intelligence (AI)-based image-to-image translation model and to compare its performance for grading and prognosis of gliomas with that of real PET. Materials and Methods An AI-based model to generate synthetic methionine PET images from CE MRI was developed and validated from patients who underwent both methionine PET and CE MRI at a university hospital from January 2007 to December 2018 (institutional data set).