Gyral abnormalities in the early stage of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis.

We report computed tomography (CT) features in a case of segmental thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus. On the initial cranial CT scan, both frontal cortices showed focal areas of slightly increased attenuation. The lesions were isointense on magnetic resonance (MR) images no matter what pulse sequence was used, except on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, which showed curvilinear sulcal hyperintensity.

Wallerian degeneration of the middle cerebellar peduncle after pontine infarction: MR imaging.

Purpose: To report magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of wallerian degeneration of the pontocerebellar tract secondary to a pontine infarction.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cranial MR images obtained during the past seven years in our institution and selected those from patients with a chronic stage of pontine infarction and a hyperintense lesion at the central portion of the middle cerebellar peduncle on T2-weighted images.

Results: In three patients with a ventromedial pontine infarction, we found a symmetrical hyperintense lesion at the central portion of the middle cerebellar peduncle bilaterally on T2-weighted MR images in the chronic stage.

Transient detection of early wallerian degeneration on diffusion-weighted MRI after an acute cerebrovascular accident.

We report three patients with a cerebrovascular accident studied serially by MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). In case 1, DWI 1 day after the onset of left frontoparietal cortical infarcts showed no abnormal signal in the left corticospinal tract. DWI 12 days after onset showed high signal in the corticospinal tract, interpreted as early wallerian degeneration.

Variations of the superior cerebellar artery: MR angiographic demonstration.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe variations of the proximal segments of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) detected by magnetic resonance (MR) angiography.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed 145 consecutive MR angiograms. All patients were studied with a 1.

Cholesterol esterase bound to intestinal brush border membranes does not accelerate incorporation of micellar cholesterol into absorptive cells.

We confirmed that cholesterol esterase accelerated the incorporation of unesterified cholesterol solubilized in bile salt micelles into differentiated Caco-2 cells under various experimental conditions. Rat pancreatic juice and bovine cholesterol esterase increased the incorporation of micellar cholesterol into rat intestinal brush border membranes. The incorporation of micellar cholesterol was not changed in the brush border membranes enriched in and depleted of cholesterol esterase.

Report of fogging effect on fast FLAIR magnetic resonance images of cerebral infarctions.

We report a case of multiple small, presumably iatrogenic, cortical infarctions detected incidentally on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 5 days after preoperative cerebral angiography but not apparent 12 days after the angiography on noncontrast MRI including a fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence. However, the lesions showed marked contrast enhancement with gadolinium on postcontrast T1-weighted images. Cortical laminar necrosis was observed on MRI 35 days after the initial angiographic study.

Magnetic resonance imaging of sequelae of central pontine myelinolysis in chronic alcohol abusers.

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is one of the serious neurological complications of alcoholism. This study evaluated magnetic resonance images of sequelae of CPM. Approximately 600 alcoholic patients were examined by a 1.

Frontal lobe dysfunction caused by multiple lacunar infarction in community-dwelling elderly subjects.

We examined the factors that influence frontal lobe function among 119 community-dwelling elderly subjects, based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical findings. We interviewed the subjects, and conducted a neurological examination, electrocardiogram, blood test, brain MRI examination, and cognitive function tests. The modified Stroop test and a personal computer version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were used to evaluate frontal lobe function.

Analysis of ischemic brain damage in cases of acute subdural hematomas.

Background: Ischemic damage of the brain is one of the most important factors for the sequelae of acute subdural hematomas (ASDHs). However, ischemic damage is infrequently addressed in a systematic manner in the clinical setting.

Methods: The analysis of ischemic brain damage was performed based on serial computed tomography (CT) scans in 80 patients with traumatic ASDHs.

Interferon therapy-responsive brain metabolic abnormalities in a case of adult-onset subacute sclerosing panencephalitis evaluated by 1H MRS analysis.

We describe a 22-year-old woman with an adult-onset, slowly progressive form of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), who was repeatedly evaluated by brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The brain lesion spectrum showed a decrease in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) resonance, an increase in inositol (Ins) resonance, and an unaltered choline signal. These findings suggest neuronal loss and reactive gliosis without inflammation, consistent with brain biopsy findings showing astrocytic proliferation unaccompanied by lymphocytic infiltrates.

Histologically classified venous angiomas of the brain: a controversy.

The term "venous angioma" (VA) usually refers to a developmental venous anomaly (DVA). However, a group of vascular malformations called VAs shows no venous abnormalities on angiography. The clinical and histological features of histologically classified VAs were studied in eight patients who presented with hemorrhage or seizures to reevaluate these venous anomalies.

Extreme fenestration of the right vertebral artery: magnetic resonance angiographic demonstration.

The authors describe an extreme fenestration of the right vertebral artery. This anomaly was found incidentally in a female patient undergoing MR imaging and MR angiography evaluation for severe dizziness and headache. Magnetic resonance angiography showed that the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery originated possibly extracranially and anastomosed with the terminal portion of the right vertebral artery, indicating the presence of an extremely large fenestration.

Moyamoya disease associated with an anterior inferior cerebellar artery arising from a persistent trigeminal artery.

The authors present a case of moyamoya disease associated with a persistent trigeminal artery from which the anterior inferior cerebellar artery arose. We reviewed previously reported cases of moyamoya disease associated with persistent carotid-basilar arterial anastomosis and investigated the embryology of this rare arterial variation.

Ventricular diverticula in obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to tumor growth.

Objective: The association of ventricular diverticula with intra- and paraventricular tumors causing obstructive hydrocephalus has rarely been reported.

Methods: Records and imaging findings for 57 patients with obstructive hydrocephalus caused by tumors who were treated at our institution were reviewed for the presence of ventricular diverticula. For the anatomic study of ventricular diverticula, data were collected from five cadaveric heads.

[Staged bilateral VA embolization for SAH due to bilateral VA dissection: case report].

Vertebral artery (VA) dissections are uncommon, but are increasingly recognized as a cause of posterior circulation stroke in young adults. We describe a patient with bilateral VA dissection who presented SAH. The patient was successfully treated by proximal coil occlusion of the bilateral vertebral arteries in two stages.

Congenital absence of the internal carotid artery diagnosed during investigation of trigeminal neuralgia.

Congenital absence of the unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) was found in a patient during MR imaging examination for right trigeminal neuralgia. Magnetic resonance angiography showed complete absence of the right ICA and a large tortuous basilar artery (BA). The source images revealed a deformed right trigeminal nerve resulting from compression by the BA.

Extreme fenestration of the basilar artery associated with cleft palate, nasopharyngeal mature teratoma, and hypophyseal duplication.

The authors present the case of a newborn girl with extreme fenestration of the basilar artery. This anomaly was found incidentally during MR imaging study for cleft palate and nasopharyngeal teratoma. Magnetic resonance angiography showed a totally duplicated basilar artery with connections at the proximal and distal ends of the artery, suggesting an extreme fenestration.

Comparison between patient characteristics and cranial MR findings in chronic thinner intoxication.

Chronic thinner intoxication is one of the most serious social problems among teenagers and young adults in Japan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics of patients with thinner intoxication who had positive MR findings. During the past 4 years, cranial MR imaging of 85 patients (51 males and 34 females) with chronic thinner intoxication was done at a national psychiatric hospital.

Cholesterol esterase accelerates intestinal cholesterol absorption.

Mechanisms of acceleration of cholesterol absorption by cholesterol esterase were investigated in various experimental conditions. Lymphatic recovery of cholesterol intubated as a micellar solution containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) into the duodenum was enhanced by the co-administration of cholesterol esterase in rats drained of bile and pancreatic juice. However, no accelerated incorporation was observed when cholesterol was solubilized in PC-depleted micelles.

Quantitative MRI findings and cognitive impairment among community dwelling elderly subjects.

Objectives: To study the factors which influence cognitive impairment among elderly subjects living in a local community, based on both MRI and clinical findings, to further elucidate the causes of dementia, and also to help develop strategies for its prevention.

Methods: Cranial MRI and other medical examinations were performed on non-demented elderly subjects who resided in one rural community. A total of 254 subjects aged from 60 to 91 years of age, with a mean age of 73.

[A case of Japanese encephalitis presenting with unilateral lesions in diffusion-weighted MRI].

We report the findings of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) taken serially in a patient with Japanese encephalitis (JE). The patient was a 43-year-old woman presenting with headache, high fever and consciousness disturbance. The diagnosis of JE was made based on more than fourfold elevation of serum complement fixation antibody titer for JE virus in the convalescent phase of illness.

Giant Aneurysm of the Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Treated by Proximal Coil Embolization under Temporary Balloon Occlusion.

We report a patient with a giant aneurysm on the left cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) treated successfully by proximal coil occlusion. Fibered platinum coils were delivered via a 5-F catheter under temporary balloon occlusion of the proximal ICA and without complications. MR imaging ten months after the procedure showed the aneurysm to be reduced in size and sub totally thrombosed.

Technetium-99m-ECD SPECT in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: a drastic improvement in brain perfusion by antiplatelet therapy.

We present a case of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) with repeated transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple cerebral infarcts and ischemic changes in the cerebral white matter. Cerebral angiographies showed no abnormalities.