Predictive risk factors of adverse mental health outcomes in the facial trauma patient.

Patients with facial trauma often experience a psychological burden from their injuries. This study aimed to identify risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes in patients affected by facial trauma, using the 'Integrating Mental and Physical Healthcare: Research, Training and Services' (IMPARTS) screening tool. All patients >18 years of age who completed more than one IMPARTS screening tool in the Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma Clinic between 2019 and 2021 were included in this study.

Evolution of treatment patterns and survival outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated at Frankfurt University Hospital in 2012-2018.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved outcomes for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) versus chemotherapy in clinical trials. In Germany, ICIs have been used clinically since 2015 for patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC without epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) aberrations. As part of I-O Optimise, a multinational research program utilizing real-world data on thoracic malignancies, we describe real-world treatment patterns and survival following reimbursement of ICIs for advanced NSCLC in Germany.

Superior semi-circular canal dehiscence syndrome: quantifying the effectiveness of treatment from the patient's perspective.

Background: Superior semi-circular canal dehiscence syndrome is a disorder characterised by auditory and vestibular symptoms that can significantly impact quality of life, and yet it has no disease-specific quality of life instrument.

Method: Thirty-six patients who underwent transmastoid superior semicircular canal resurfacing and plugging were included from an initial cohort of 60 surgically managed patients. A sub-cohort of 19 consecutive patients completed validated symptom and quality of life questionnaires before and after surgery.

Does addition of craving management tools in a stop smoking app improve quit rates among adult smokers? Results from BupaQuit pragmatic pilot randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: Delivery of craving management tools via smartphone applications (apps) may improve smoking cessation rates, but research on such programmes remains limited, especially in real-world settings. This study evaluated the effectiveness of adding craving management tools in a cessation app (BupaQuit).

Methods: The study was a two-arm pragmatic pilot parallel randomised controlled trial, comparing a fully-automated BupaQuit app with craving management tool with a control app version without craving management tool.

Treatment patterns and outcomes for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma in England in 2013-2017: A nationwide CAS registry analysis from the I-O Optimise initiative.

Objectives: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. This study assessed the characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes for patients diagnosed with MPM in England.

Materials And Methods: As part of I-O Optimise, this retrospective cohort study analyzed data recorded in the Cancer Analysis System in England for all adult patients newly diagnosed with MPM between 2013 and 2017, with follow-up to March 2018 or death, whichever occurred first.

Advent of the virtual multidisciplinary team meeting: do remote meetings work?

The multidisciplinary team (MDT) is key to the management and decision-making process for head and neck cancer. The sudden shift to virtual meetings due to the COVID-19 pandemic has been arguably the most dramatic change since inception of the MDT, and we know of no studies that have evaluated the head and neck MDT since this change in working. A preliminary questionnaire was designed and trialled, based on guidance on MDT qualities and measurable outcomes as per published national guidelines.

Acute otitis externa: Consensus definition, diagnostic criteria and core outcome set development.

Objective: Evidence for the management of acute otitis externa (AOE) is limited, with unclear diagnostic criteria and variably reported outcome measures that may not reflect key stakeholder priorities. We aimed to develop 1) a definition, 2) diagnostic criteria and 3) a core outcome set (COS) for AOE.

Study Design: COS development according to Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) methodology and parallel consensus selection of diagnostic criteria/definition.

Management of odontogenic cervicofacial infections presenting to oral and maxillofacial units during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.

On 25 March 2020, the Chief Dental Officer issued national guidance restricting the provision of all routine, non-urgent dental services in response to the spread of COVID-19. We analysed odontogenic cervicofacial infections (CFI) presenting to oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) departments during the first wave of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom. From 1 April 2020 until 31 July 2020 a database was used to prospectively collect records for all patients with CFI who presented to oral and maxillofacial teams.

Decrease in Resting Heart Rate Measured Using Smartphone Apps to Verify Abstinence From Smoking: An Exploratory Study.

Introduction: Verifying self-reports of smoking abstinence is challenging in studies that involve remote data collection. Resting heart rate (HR) decreases during smoking abstinence. This study assessed whether a decrease in resting HR measured using freely available smartphone apps could potentially be used to verify smoking abstinence.

Relative effectiveness of a full versus reduced version of the 'Smoke Free' mobile application for smoking cessation: an exploratory randomised controlled trial.

Smartphone applications (apps) are popular aids for smoking cessation. Smoke Free is an app that delivers behaviour change techniques used in effective face-to-face behavioural support programmes. The aim of this study was to assess whether the full version of Smoke Free is more effective than the reduced version.

Modelling continuous abstinence rates over time from clinical trials of pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation.

Background And Aim: It is useful, for theoretical and practical reasons, to be able to specify functions for continuous abstinence over time in smoking cessation attempts. This study aimed to find the best-fitting models of mean proportion abstinent with different smoking cessation pharmacotherapies up to 52 weeks from the quit date.

Methods: We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of pharmacological treatments to aid smoking cessation.

Evaluations of clinical tobacco cessation interventions in Arab populations: A systematic review.

Background And Aims: Tobacco smoking is prevalent among Arab smokers. Interventions to support smoking cessation may differ in effectiveness in this population from Western populations usually studied. This review assessed evidence of effectiveness of clinical smoking interventions in Arab smokers.

Want, need and habit as drivers of smoking behaviour: A preliminary analysis.

Background And Aims: Models of tobacco smoking behaviour propose that anticipated pleasure or satisfaction, the need to alleviate a nicotine-induced drive state and a stimulus-driven impulse potentially play an important role. This study aimed to provide a preliminary assessment of how far urges to smoke are reported by smokers and whether the strength of such urges prior to a quit attempt predicts short-term success at quitting.

Methods: In a prospective study, 566 smokers attending a treatment programme to help smokers quit completed a written questionnaire covering frequency of different types of urge to smoke (automatic impulse - 'automatic urges', anticipated pleasure - 'pleasure urges', and fulfilling a need - 'need urges').

Future enhanced clinical role of pharmacists in Emergency Departments in England: multi-site observational evaluation.

Background There are concerns about maintaining appropriate clinical staffing levels in Emergency Departments. Pharmacists may be one possible solution. Objective To determine if Emergency Department attendees could be clinically managed by pharmacists with or without advanced clinical practice training.

Smokers' and drinkers' choice of smartphone applications and expectations of engagement: a think aloud and interview study.

Background: Public health organisations such as the National Health Service in the United Kingdom and the National Institutes of Health in the United States provide access to online libraries of publicly endorsed smartphone applications (apps); however, there is little evidence that users rely on this guidance. Rather, one of the most common methods of finding new apps is to search an online store. As hundreds of smoking cessation and alcohol-related apps are currently available on the market, smokers and drinkers must actively choose which app to download prior to engaging with it.

A comparison of the characteristics of iOS and Android users of a smoking cessation app.

iOS and Android smartphone users may differ in ways that affect their use and likelihood of success when using a smoking cessation application (app). If so, it may be necessary to take the device type (iOS and Android) into account when designing smoking cessation apps and in studies evaluating app effectiveness. How do socio-demographic and smoking characteristics, potentially relevant to engagement and cessation outcomes, of the SF28 app users differ between those using the iOS version and those using the Android version? Data were collected between October 2013 and April 2015.

HOW WELL DO OUTPATIENT PRESCRIPTIONS ADHERE TO GOOD ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP?

Aim: Aims of the study included evaluation of outpatient antibiotic prescribing practices relating to good Antimicrobial Stewardship1 focusing on documentation of indication and duration.

Method: Prescriptions dispensed at the Outpatient Pharmacy over a 6 week were evaluated. Data collected include patient's hospital identification in full, the antibiotic prescribed, duration of treatment, indication (in a specifically allocated area on the prescription) and route of administration, prescriber speciality and grade.

THE POTENTIAL FOR PHARMACISTS TO MANAGE CHILDREN ATTENDING EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS.

Aim: There have been concerns about maintaining appropriate clinical staff levels in Emergency Departments in England.1 The aim of this study was to determine if Emergency Department attendees aged from 0-16 years could be managed by community pharmacists or hospital independent prescriber pharmacists with or without further advanced clinical practice training.

Method: A prospective, 48 site, cross-sectional, observational study of patients attending Emergency Departments (ED) in England, UK was conducted.

Characterising smoking cessation smartphone applications in terms of behaviour change techniques, engagement and ease-of-use features.

The aim of this study was to assess whether or not behaviour change techniques (BCTs) as well as engagement and ease-of-use features used in smartphone applications (apps) to aid smoking cessation can be identified reliably. Apps were coded for presence of potentially effective BCTs, and engagement and ease-of-use features. Inter-rater reliability for this coding was assessed.

Comparative analysis of smoking cessation smartphone applications available in 2012 versus 2014.

Background And Aims: Smartphone applications (apps) offer a potentially cost-effective and a wide-reach aid to smoking cessation. In 2012, a content analysis of smoking cessation apps suggested that most apps did not adopt behaviour change techniques (BCTs), which according to previous research had suggested would promote higher success rates in quitting smoking. This study examined whether or not, this situation had changed by 2014 for free smoking cessation apps available in the Apple App Store.

A mobile app to aid smoking cessation: preliminary evaluation of SmokeFree28.

Background: Little is known about the effectiveness of mobile apps in aiding smoking cessation or their validity for automated collection of data on smoking cessation outcomes.

Objective: We conducted a preliminary evaluation of SF28 (SF28 is the name of the app, short for SmokeFree28)-an app aimed at helping smokers to be smoke-free for 28 days.

Methods: Data on sociodemographic characteristics, smoking history, number of logins, and abstinence at each login were uploaded to a server from SF28 between August 2012 and August 2013.

Biological control of crystallographic architecture: hierarchy and co-alignment parameters.

Mytilus edulis prismatic calcite and nacre layers exhibit a crystallographic structural hierarchy which differs substantially from the morphological hierarchy. This makes these biomaterials fundamentally different from classical crystalline materials. Morphological building units are defined by their surrounding organic matrix membranes, e.

Antimicrobial treatment of serious gram-negative infections in newborns.

The choice of antibiotics for serious Gram-negative bacterial infections in the newborn must balance delivery of effective antibiotics to the site(s) of infection with the need to minimize selection of antibiotic resistance. To reduce the risk of selective pressure from large-scale cephalosporin usage, a penicillin-aminoglycoside combination is recommended as empiric therapy for neonatal sepsis. Where Gram-negative sepsis is strongly suspected or proven, a third-generation cephalosporin should ordinarily replace penicillin.

Homoepitaxial meso- and microscale crystal co-orientation and organic matrix network structure in Mytilus edulis nacre and calcite.

New developments in high-resolution, low accelaration voltage electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) enable us to resolve and quantify the co-orientation of nanocrystals constituting biological carbonate crystals with a scan step resolution of 125 nm. This allows the investigation of internal structures in carbonate tablets and tower biocrystals in the nacre of mollusc shells, and it provides details on the calcite-aragonite polymorph interface in bivalves. Within the aragonite tablets of Mytilus edulis nacre we find a mesoscale crystallographic mosaic structure with a misorientation distribution of 2° full width at half maximum.