Characterization of Two Aggressive PepMV Isolates Useful in Breeding Programs.

Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) causes significant economic losses in tomato crops worldwide. Since its first detection infecting tomato in 1999, aggressive PepMV variants have emerged. This study aimed to characterize two aggressive PepMV isolates, PepMV-H30 and PepMV-KLP2.

Impact of the Potential mA Modification Sites at the 3'UTR of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus RNA3 in the Viral Infection.

We have previously reported the presence of mA in the AMV (Alfamovirus, ) genome. Interestingly, two of these putative mA-sites are in hairpin (hp) structures in the 3'UTR of the viral RNA3. One site (AAACU) is in the loop of hpB, within the coat protein binding site 1 (CPB1), while the other (UGACC) is in the lower stem of hpE, a loop previously associated with AMV negative-strand RNA synthesis.

Contemporary Perioperative Morbidity and Mortality Rates of Minimally Invasive Open Partial Nephrectomy in Obese Patients with Kidney Cancer.

To compare early postoperative morbidity and mortality rates in obese patients (body mass index ≥30 kg/m) who underwent minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) open partial nephrectomy (OPN), utilizing the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. The NSQIP database was queried to identify obese patients who underwent either MIPN or OPN between 2008 and 2016. Patient demographics, comorbidities, operative time (OT), length of stay (LOS), and 30-day postoperative complications, readmissions, and mortality rates were recorded and compared between the two groups.

CD200 is a useful marker in the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Background: The diagnosis of CLL is supported by a typical morphology and immunophenotype and usually does not present difficulties. Nevertheless, some patients with CLL can show an atypical phenotype, this raising the possibility of a lymphoproliferative disorder other than CLL. It has been recently shown that the expression of CD200 could be a rather consistent marker for CLL.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae and metabolic activators: HXT3 gene expression and fructose/glucose discrepancy in sluggish fermentation conditions.

When exposed to mixtures of glucose and fructose, as occurs during the fermentation of grape juice into wine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae uses these sugars at different rates. Moreover, glucose and fructose are transported by the same hexose transporters (HXT), which present a greater affinity for glucose, so that late in fermentation, fructose becomes the predominant sugar. Only a few commercial fermentation activators are available to optimally solve the problems this entails.

Genetic and phenotypic characterization of Saccharomyces spp. strains isolated in distillery plants.

In this study, the biodiversity and some interesting phenotypic properties of Saccharomyces wild yeasts isolated in distilleries, at least 100 years old, located in La Mancha (Spain), were determined. Strains were genetically characterized by RFLP-mtDNA, which confirmed a great genetic biodiversity with 73% of strains with different mtDNA profiles, highlighting the large variability found in sweet and fermented piquette substrata. The predominant species identified was S.

Acute physiological responses to castration-related pain in piglets: the effect of two local anesthetics with or without meloxicam.

Methods to reduce castration-related pain in piglets are still issues of concern and interest for authorities and producers. Our objectives were to estimate the effectiveness of two protocols of local anesthesia (lidocaine and the combination of lidocaine+bupivacaine) as well as the use of meloxicam as a postoperative analgesic in alleviating castration-related pain, measured by acute physiological responses. Eight groups (15 piglets/group) were included in the study: (1) castration without anesthesia or analgesia, without meloxicam (TRAD WITHOUT), (2) castration without anesthesia or analgesia, but with meloxicam (TRAD WITH), (3) handling without meloxicam (SHAM WITHOUT), (4) handling with meloxicam (SHAM WITH), (5) castration after local anesthesia with lidocaine but without meloxicam (LIDO WITHOUT), (6) castration after local anesthesia with lidocaine and meloxicam (LIDO WITH), (7) castration after local anesthesia with lidocaine+bupivacaine without meloxicam (LIDO+BUPI WITHOUT), (8) castration after local anesthesia with lidocaine+bupivacaine and meloxicam (LIDO+BUPI WITH).

Smoking affects the oral glucose tolerance test profile and the relationship between glucose and HbA1c in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Aims: Current smokers in the general population have a lower 2 h plasma glucose after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a higher HbA1c than non-smokers, but the relationships between OGTT/HbA1c and smoking status have not been addressed in pregnancy. We analysed glycaemic measurements in women with gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to smoking status.

Methods: We performed a review of the prospectively collected database of the diabetes and pregnancy clinic.

Generation of an aquaglyceroporin AQP1 null mutant in Leishmania major.

The Leishmania aquaglyceroporin AQP1 plays an important physiological role in water and uncharged polar solutes transport, volume regulation, osmotaxis, and is a key determinant of antimony resistance. By targeted gene disruption, we generated a Leishmania major promastigote AQP1 null mutant. This required several attempts but a chromosomal null AQP1 mutant was obtained by loss of heterozygosity in the presence of a rescue plasmid encoding AQP1.

Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio in a Mediterranean Population of Type 1 Diabetic Patients on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy.

Background: The carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio (CIR) is initially calculated from the total daily insulin dose (TDID). However, CIR likely presents variations owing to different population characteristics and intraday variations not being taken into account by most formulas. No information is available concerning the Mediterranean population.

Single shot spinal anaesthesia with hypobaric bupivacaine for hip fracture repair surgery in the elderly. Randomized, double blinded comparison of 3.75 mg vs. 7.5 mg.

Background: Arterial hypotension is the most frequent adverse effect of subarachnoid anaesthesia in the elderly sustaining a femoral proximal fracture. Decreasing the local anaesthetic dose reduces the incidence of hypotension but shortens sensory block duration that could be insufficient in some surgical procedures. Sensory block duration could be prolonged using hypobaric local anaesthetics.

Membrane lipid variability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains rehydrated in the presence of metabolic activators.

Slight variations in lipid composition of wine yeast membranes can alter some essential functions including selective nutrient transport and ion permeability. The absence of oxygen during alcoholic fermentation inhibits fatty acid desaturation and sterol biosynthesis, thereby reducing the stress resistance of yeast cells. In this work, membrane lipids in two commercial active dry yeast strains rehydrated in the presence of three activators (ergosterol, tetrahydrofolic acid, and manganese) were studied.

Genome-wide stochastic adaptive DNA amplification at direct and inverted DNA repeats in the parasite Leishmania.

Gene amplification of specific loci has been described in all kingdoms of life. In the protozoan parasite Leishmania, the product of amplification is usually part of extrachromosomal circular or linear amplicons that are formed at the level of direct or inverted repeated sequences. A bioinformatics screen revealed that repeated sequences are widely distributed in the Leishmania genome and the repeats are chromosome-specific, conserved among species, and generally present in low copy number.

Compounds from multilayer plastic bags cause reproductive failures in artificial insemination.

High levels of reproductive failure were detected in some Spanish sow farms in the Spring of 2010. Regular returns to estrus and variable reductions in litter size were observed. The problem started suddenly and did not appear to be related to the quality of the ejaculates, disease, alterations of body condition or any other apparent reasons.

Biodiversity of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in distilleries of the La Mancha region (Spain).

The aim of this pioneering study was to determine the biodiversity of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in ancient distilleries located in the La Mancha region, which is the principal area for the production of bioethanol and grape-based distillates in Spain. In this study, the yeast populations that were present during the process of extraction of alcohol and residual sugars from the byproducts of vinification, such as piquettes, pomace and grape skins, were studied. Non-Saccharomyces yeasts were identified by PCR-RFLP analysis of the 5.

Bio-prospecting of distillery yeasts as bio-control and bio-remediation agents.

This work constitutes a preliminary study in which the capacity of non-Saccharomyces yeasts isolated from ancient distilleries as bio-control agents against moulds and in the treatment of waste waters contaminated by heavy metals-i.e. bio-remediation-is shown.

Adverse effects of members of the Enterobacteriaceae family on boar sperm quality.

Semen samples collected in 2012 from 1785 boars belonging to five different breeds were recruited from the quality control laboratory of Magapor SL, Spain. These samples came from 43 boar studs and resulted from diluting the ejaculates in commercial semen extenders. Evaluation of the semen sample characteristics (color, smell, pH, osmolality, concentration, motility of sperm cells, agglutination, acrosome integrity, short hypoosmotic swelling test, and abnormal forms) revealed that they met the international standards.

Perinatal maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus according to fetal sex.

Background: Male sex is a well-known risk factor for unfavorable perinatal outcomes. Fetal sex has been considered only occasionally in diabetic pregnancy.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate perinatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to fetal sex.

[Gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal ethnicity: high prevalence of fetal macrosomia in non-Caucasian women].

Background And Objective: Differences in perinatal outcomes according to ethnicity have been described in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We analysed the relationship between ethnicity, maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with GDM.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective analysis of women with GDM attended at the centre between 1986 and 2007.

Interactions between BRCA2 and RAD51 for promoting homologous recombination in Leishmania infantum.

In most organisms, the primary function of homologous recombination (HR) is to allow genome protection by the faithful repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The vital step of HR is the search for sequence homology, mediated by the RAD51 recombinase, which is stimulated further by proteins mediators such as the tumor suppressor BRCA2. The biochemical interplay between RAD51 and BRCA2 is unknown in Leishmania or Trypanosoma.

Maternal body mass index is a predictor of neonatal hypoglycemia in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Context: In diabetic pregnancy, neonatal hypoglycemia (NH) is usually attributed to insufficient regulation of maternal glycemic control. Recent data suggest that maternal body mass index (BMI) could have an influence.

Objective: Our objective was to determine whether an association exists between maternal prepregnancy BMI category and occurrence of NH among infants born to women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Use of a novel double uterine deposition artificial insemination technique using low concentrations of sperm in pigs.

Currently, the three most important non-surgical artificial insemination systems used in pigs are the conventional, the post-cervical (IUI), and the deep-intrauterine (DIUI) methods. In this study, a new system, termed double uterine deposition insemination (DUDI), which combines aspects of both IUI and DIUI, was evaluated. This method used a thinner, shorter and more flexible catheter than those normally used for DIUI and resulted in the deposition of semen post-cervically, approximately half-way along the uterine horn, thus potentially by-passing the threat of 'unilateral' insemination or pregnancy when using sperm of low concentration.