[Testing for the safety, reactogenicity and antigenic properties of a live thermostable mumps vaccine made from the Leningrad-3 strain].

A live mumps vaccine (LMV) from strain Leningrad-3 with a new stabilizer LS-18 was tested for reactogenicity and antigenic potency. Examinations of vaccinated children for vaccination reactions showed its complete areactogenicity and safety. LMV induced synthesis of virus-neutralizing antibodies in 78-82% of the vaccinees.

[The immune status of children in foci of measles infection studied by an immunoenzyme method].

Children immunized with live measles vaccine in the foci of measles infection varying in intensity (1-9 cases per focus) have been subjected by two methods: the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test and the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). As shown in this study, in most cases (98% of all blood serum samples) the correlation between the results of the HAI test and EIA is not high (r = 0.5), which is linked with the detection of a wider spectrum of antibodies in EIA.

[Verification of the safety, inoculability, reactogenicity and antigenic properties of a live recombinant smallpox-hepatitis B vaccine in an experiment in volunteers].

Trials of the first Soviet live recombinant smallpox-hepatitis B vaccine (SHBV) in volunteers (20 men aged 18-20 years) showed its safety, good "take"-rate, and lower reactogenicity as compared with the standard smallpox vaccine (LIVP strain). Smallpox virus-neutralizing antibodies in response to SHBV were produced as well as in response to the smallpox vaccine. Revaccination of human subjects with smallpox vaccine and SHBV 45 days after the previous vaccination resulted in antibody booster to vaccinia virus.

[Attenuated recombinant influenza type B virus obtained during crossing of virus B/Ann Arbor/2/86 with the cold-adapted strain B/Leningrad/14/17/55].

Crossing the cold-adapted B/Leningrad/14/17/55 strain with the temperature-sensitive virulent B/Ann Arbor/2/86 strain yielded a recombinant B/14/5/1 which, by the antigenic specificity of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, corresponded to the B/Ann Arbor/2/86 strain but, like the attenuated donor, had the cold-adapter characteristics. The B/14/5/1 recombinant inherited the genes coding for proteins PB2, PB1, PA, NP, and M from the attenuated master strain and the genes coding for hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and proteins NS from the virulent master strain. This strain was nonreactive for adults and for children with the initial anti-hemagglutinin antibody titre less than or equal to 1:20 (the reactogenic index being 1 and 0.

[Effectiveness of a combined live mumps-measles vaccine].

The reactogenic and areactogenic properties of a live combined mumps-measles vaccine (MMV) prepared in primary cultures of Japanese quail embryo cells from attenuated strains of mumps (L-3) and measles (L-16) viruses were under study. The observations involved 648 infants varying in ages from 1 to 3 years, seronegative to measles and mumps viruses, without the history of the disease and vaccinations against these infections or contraindications to vaccinations. The infants were vaccinated with 5 batches of MMV with different portions of the mumps and measles components.

[Genomic and antigenic analysis of strains of influenza A virus (H1N1) isolated in 1982-1983: approaches to the choice of the optimal vaccine strain].

Features of the genome and antigenic specificity of hemagglutinin of some influenza A (H1N1) virus strains circulating in the epidemic period of 1982-1983 were studied comparatively. Analysis of the genome of the isolates under study in comparison with that of the reference A/England/333/80 strain and with each other has established changes not only in the genes coding for hemagglutinin and neuraminidase but also most of the genes coding for unglycolysed proteins. The antigenic specificity of hemagglutinin of the isolates under study examined with rat antisera and monoclonal antibodies was found to be quite dissimilar.

[Clinico-laboratory and seroepidemiological examinations of children immunized with live measles vaccine prepared from genetically homogeneous strain Moscow-5].

The results of the clinico-laboratory and epidemiological study of a newly developed live measles vaccine obtained from strain Moscow-5, genetically homogeneous and cloned from strain JI-16, are presented. The data indicate that the vaccine obtained from strain Moscow-5 is safe and possesses low reactogenicity and high immunological potency, thus meeting all requirements for vaccinal preparations.

[Results of human immunization with a new rabies vaccine containing no neuroallergenic brain tissue factor].

Immunization with a vaccine prepared from sheep-brain-grown fixed rabies virus inactivated with beta-propiolactone was given to 146 subjects. The vaccine was by 80-90% purified from waste brain tissue substances (protein content less than 2 mg/ml) and showed no neuroallergenicity in guinea pig tests. Simultaneously 86 subjects were vaccinated with commercial Fermi vaccine.

Characteristics of cell-mediated immunity after oral administration of a live influenza vaccine.

Development of immunological status of children after oral administration of a live influenza vaccine was followed using different tests of the cellular (blast transformation assay, identification of T, B and nil lymphocytes) and humoral (haemagglutination inhibition test, neuraminidase-inhibition test, neutralization test) immune response. Direct correlation was observed between the increase of neutralizing antibody and the lymphocyte stimulation indices in blast transformation assay (BTA). In vaccinated children the reactivity of lymphocytes was reduced and the amount of T lymphocytes decreased.

[Characteristics of the immunological response in children to the administration of a live tissue-culture influenza vaccine].

Various immunological tests were used for comprehensive study of vaccination immunity at the cellular level in children inoculated with different strains of influenza A virus. The characteristics of cell-mediated immunity in children vaccinated with a live tissue culture oral influenza vaccine were first obtained. There was a direct relationship between a rise in virus-neutralizing antibody levels and values of blast-transformation reaction.

[Moscow Research Institute of Viral Preparations tissue-culture smallpox vaccine in a coded control experiments of adult revaccination by scarification].

Comparative studies of tissue culture and dermal smallpox vaccines were carried out in a strictly controlled coded trial by revaccination of adults by scarification. Two lots of tissue culture and one lot of dermal vaccines with a similar infectious titer (8.0 lg PFU/ml) were used.

[Study of the properties of a tissue smallpox vaccine manufactured by the Moscow Research Institute of Viral Preparations].

The tissue culture vaccine against smallpox has some important advantages over the dermal preparation: it is free from bacterial contamination, contains no serum proteins, and suitable for intradermal inoculation with jet injections. The virus for the tissue culture smallpox vaccine is grown in Japanese quail embryo cultures controlled for the absence of contaminating viruses. In trials of the tissue culture smallpox vaccine in 800 revaccinated volunteers no untoward reactions or complications were observed.

[Results of studying a live mumps vaccine from strain L-3 manufactured by the Moscow Research Institute of Viral Preparations. The reactogenic and antigenic properties of the vaccine].

The reactogenic and antigenic properties of live mumps vaccine from the L-3 strain were studied in 1507 children of 1 to 12 years of age. A single injection was given, one immunizing dose containing 10(4)HAdU50 of mumps virus. The live mumps vaccine from the L-3 strain irrespective of the lot of preparation, kind (live or lyophilized), method of application (jet-injector or needle/syringe), age of the vaccinees and the amount of virus in the immunizing dose received by a vaccinee, was demonstrated to be practically areactogenic and markedly antigenic.

[Results of studying a live mumps vaccine from strain L-3 manufactured by the Moscow Research Institute of Viral Preparations. The epidemiological effectiveness of the vaccine].

A controlled experiment was carried out to study the epidemiological effectiveness of live mumps vaccine from the L-3 strain, the importance of urgent prophylaxis by vaccination in mumps foci and to evaluate the economic effectiveness of mass prophylaxis of mumps by vaccination. The observations involved 113,967 children of 1 to 12 years. Vaccinations were given to 51,701 subjects and 62,256 subjects were the control group.

An allergen-free antirabies vaccine.

Studies on the development of encephalitogenic activity in the cerebral tissue of various animals (rabbits, rats, mice and sheep) showed that the brains of albino rats did not become encephalitogenic until after the 18th day of life, which is later than in any of the other animals studied. On the basis of this finding, a method was developed for the preparation of an entirely allergen-free, non-encephalitogenic antirabies vaccine using the brains of suckling rats. The phenolized vaccine, both in liquid and in lyophilized form, consistently gave high antigenic titres when tested in animals and produced a good increase in virus-neutralizing antibodies in man.