Rare glioblastoma subtype masquerading as a poorly differentiated carcinoma: illustrative case.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) with a primitive neuronal component (PNC) is a recently characterized subtype with a characteristic (epi-)genetic profile and ambiguous microscopic features mimicking a metastasis, making intraoperative diagnosis challenging.

Observations: A 62-year-old female presented with word-finding difficulties. MRI showed 2 contrast-enhancing lesions in the temporal lobe.

MONOCYTE ANISOCYTOSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH SEPSIS IN CHILDREN WITH SUSPECTED INFECTION.

Background: Early, accurate determination of disease severity in an emergency setting is paramount for improving patient outcomes and healthcare costs. Monocyte anisocytosis, quantified as monocyte distribution width (MDW), has been shown to correspond with immune dysregulation. We hypothesize that MDW is broadly associated with illness severity related to sepsis and serious infection in children.

COVID-19 in Pediatric Populations.

The COVID-19 pandemic reshaped the landscape of respiratory viral illnesses, causing common viruses to fade as SARS-CoV-2 took precedence. By 2023, more than 96% of the children in the United States were estimated to have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, with certain genetic predispositions and underlying health conditions posing risk factors for severe disease in children. Children, in general though, exhibit immunity advantages, protecting against aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection known to drive increased severity in older adults.

Singleton pregnancy losses before gestational week 22 among patients with autoimmune disorders and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms.

Background: The rates of pregnancy losses (PLs) are increased by maternal risk factors such as autoimmune disorders (AD) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms.

Objective: To evaluate singleton PLs before gestational week (gw) 22 among patients with AD and MTHFR polymorphisms.

Methods: Totally, 1108 singleton pregnancies in 243 women were categorized as: 1) 148 pregnancies in 33 patients with AD, 2) 316 pregnancies in 66 patients with MTHFR polymorphisms, 3) 644 pregnancies in 144 patients with AD +MTHFR polymorphisms.

Challenges and perspectives for immunotherapy in oesophageal cancer: A look to the future (Review).

Oesophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options, thus resulting in a high morbidity and mortality. With 5‑year survival rates of only 5‑10%, oesophageal cancer holds a dismal prognosis for patients. In order to improve overall survival, the early diagnosis and tools for patient stratification for personalized treatment are urgent needs.

Toward the Next Generation of Passive Micromixers: A Novel 3-D Design Approach.

Passive micromixers are miniaturized instruments that are used to mix fluids in microfluidic systems. In microchannels, combination of laminar flows and small diffusion constants of mixing liquids produce a difficult mixing environment. In particular, in very low Reynolds number flows, e.

Immune-Based Therapies and the Role of Microsatellite Instability in Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options thus resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Among all cancers, with a five-year survival rates of only 2-9%, pancreatic cancer holds the worst prognostic outcome for patients. To improve the overall survival, an earlier diagnosis and stratification of cancer patients for personalized treatment options are urgent needs.

Is Retzius-sparing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy effective in early continence? A single-center experience of the first 50 patients.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to present the perioperative and postoperative outcomes and early continence rates of the first 50 patients who underwent Retzius-sparing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RS-RALP) in our clinic for prostate adenocarcinoma.

Material And Methods: Between December 2018 and December 2019, 50 patients who underwent RS-RALP by 2 surgeons in our clinic were enrolled in the study. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.

Preoperative Inflammation Markers and De Ritis Ratio in Predicting Clinical Presentation and Prognosis of Patients with Testicular Germ Cell Tumors.

Objective: To evaluate the importance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR) and De Ritis ratio (DRR) in predicting clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs).

Study Design: Observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Antalya Training and Research Hospital Antalya, Turkey, from January 2009 to March 2020.

Fever of Unknown Origin in a 17-Year-Old Girl.

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is defined as fever (>101°F) that lasts more than three weeks and for which a cause is not found within seven days of hospital evaluation. FUO has a broad list of differentials - infection, inflammatory diseases, and malignancy. A detailed history and meticulous clinical examination with thorough and stepwise investigations lead to a diagnosis in only two-thirds of cases.

Effects of Listening to Binaural Beats on Anxiety Levels and Pain Scores in Male Patients Undergoing Cystoscopy and Ureteral Stent Removal: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

To investigate the effects of pure binaural beats on anxiety and pain scores in male patients undergoing diagnostic cystoscopy (DC) and ureteral stent removal (USR) under local anesthesia. This was a prospective, randomized placebo-controlled study. Patients in the DC group (DCG) and USR group (USRG) were divided into three subgroups according to interventions applied; DCG-1 and USRG-1, patients listened to binaural beats; DCG-2 and USRG-2, patients listened to classical music; and DCG-3 and USRG-3, patients wore headphones, but were not exposed to audio (control group).

Acute rheumatic fever in south-east of Turkey: clinical features and epidemiological evaluation of the patients over the last 25 years.

This study evaluates clinical and epidemiological features of acute rheumatic fever using the data of last 25 years in our hospital in south-east of Turkey. The medical records of 377 patients with acute rheumatic fever admitted to Pediatric Cardiology Department of Çukurova University during 1993-2017 were retrospectively analysed. Two hundred and six patients were admitted between 1993 and 2000, 91 between 2001 and 2008, and 80 between 2009 and 2017.

Performance Analysis and Numerical Evaluation of Mixing in 3-D T-Shape Passive Micromixers.

In micromixer devices, laminar characteristics of the flow domain and small diffusion constants of the fluid samples that are mixed characterize the mixing process. The advection dominant flow and transport processes that develop in these devices not only create significant challenges for numerical solution of the problem, but they are also the source of numerical errors which may lead to confusing performance evaluations that are reported in the literature. In this study, the finite volume method (FVM) and finite element method (FEM) are used to characterize these errors and critical issues in numerical performance evaluations are highlighted.

DNA methylation-based classification and grading system for meningioma: a multicentre, retrospective analysis.

Background: The WHO classification of brain tumours describes 15 subtypes of meningioma. Nine of these subtypes are allotted to WHO grade I, and three each to grade II and grade III. Grading is based solely on histology, with an absence of molecular markers.

The Effect of Nystatin Solution on Otoacoustic Emissions in Rats.

Objective: In patients with a perforated tympanic membrane, topically administered medication reaches the middle ear and thus creates a risk of ototoxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible ototoxic effect of the antifungal medication nystatin when administered to the rat middle ear cavity.

Materials And Methods: Three groups (negative control, positive control, and study groups), each containing eight rats, were formed.

Palatine tonsil volume estimation using different methods after tonsillectomy.

This study was carried out to measure the volume of the palatine tonsil in otorhinolaryngology outpatients with complaints of adenotonsillar hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis who had undergone tonsillectomy. To date, no study has investigated palatine tonsil volume using different methods and compared with subjective tonsil size in the literature. For this purpose, we used three different methods to measure palatine tonsil volume.

Spontaneous rupture of the splenic artery aneurysm: a rare clinical presentation of acute abdomen.

Splenic artery aneurysms are very rare causes of acute abdomen but are important to recognize since they carry high rate of mortality when ruptured. The aim of this study was to present a middle aged man with sudden onset of abdominal pain. Being previously on steroid treatment due to sarcoidosis, the patient developed hypovolemic shock during work-up in diagnostic imaging and went on emergency laparatomy.

The effect of different information sources on the anxiety level of pregnant women who underwent invasive prenatal testing.

Objective: The goal is to explore the effects of age, education, obstetric history and information sources on the (Beck) anxiety levels of pregnant women attending invasive prenatal testing.

Methods: Questionnaire results from 152 pregnant women are utilized. Results are analyzed through an independent samples t-test and a two-step cluster analysis attempting to categorize patients in terms of the chosen variables.

Methylation-based classification of benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

The vast majority of peripheral nerve sheath tumors derive from the Schwann cell lineage and comprise diverse histological entities ranging from benign schwannomas and neurofibromas to high-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), each with several variants. There is increasing evidence for methylation profiling being able to delineate biologically relevant tumor groups even within the same cellular lineage. Therefore, we used DNA methylation arrays for methylome- and chromosomal profile-based characterization of 171 peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

TERT Promoter Mutations and Risk of Recurrence in Meningioma.

The World Health Organization (WHO) classification and grading system attempts to predict the clinical course of meningiomas based on morphological parameters. However, because of high interobserver variation of some criteria, more reliable prognostic markers are required. Here, we assessed the TERT promoter for mutations in the hotspot regions C228T and C250T in meningioma samples from 252 patients.

Experimental autotransplantation and cryopreservation of the thyroid gland.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the functionality of autotransplanted thyroid tissues immediately or after cryopreservation in rabbits.

Methods: The study was completed with 12 rabbits randomized in 2 groups. Preoperative scintigraphies were performed for all subjects.

Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a new retraction technique.

Background: Laparo-endoscopic single site cholecystectomy receives great interest from the surgical community. It has potential for reducing postoperative pain, length of hospital stay and improving cosmesis. Minimally invasive surgeons have been forced to develop techniques for providing adequate retraction of the gallbladder.

The role of H. pylori in the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the possible role of H. pylori as a cause of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Method: This controlled study was performed with 31 consecutive laryngeal cancer and 28 cancer-free patients who underwent direct laryngoscopy and biopsy of laryngeal lesions.

The effect of narrowed segment length on the degree of early postoperative dysphagia in laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication.

Background/aims: Although laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is the gold standard in the surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, it may cause troublesome complications like dysphagia. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of narrowed segment length on early dysphagia in patients.

Materials And Methods: Forty-one patients who underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication by a single surgeon between January 2007 and November 2008 were reviewed.