Management of Chronic Fracture-Related Infection.

Chronic fracture-related infection is a complex, costly clinical problem with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. The goals of treatment are infection control with a healed fracture covered by well-vascularized soft tissue and improvement of patient pain and function. Management is both medical, with culture-targeted antimicrobial agents, and surgical, requiring meticulous irrigation and débridement.

Management of Acute and Subacute Fracture-Related Infection.

Fracture-related infection (FRI) is a serious complication that occurs primarily in surgically treated fractures. FRIs occur when bacteria enter the site of bony injury and alter the healing inflammatory response within the bone. This can prevent bone regeneration and can lead to long-lasting complications such as chronic infection, pain, nonunion, and amputation.

Prevention of Fracture-Related Infection.

Fracture-related infections are a significant burden to the patient, associated with high health care costs and use of resources. Therefore, prevention is more critical than treatment of infection. There are injury- and patient-related risk factors that are mostly not modifiable, with the exception of a few patient-specific ones such as control of blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes.

Diagnosis and Evaluation of Fracture-Related Infection.

Following fracture fixation, fracture-related infection (FRI) is a common complication and requires systematic evaluation to allow for an optimal treatment strategy. A high index of suspicion is necessary for early and timely diagnosis, to diagnose occult infection, and to prevent untreated infections from worsening. Diagnosis of FRI includes evaluation based on history and clinical examination, surgical exploration, serum inflammatory markers, imaging modalities, microbiology, histopathology, and, when needed, molecular biology.

Protective Effects of Baicalein and Bergenin Against Gentamicin-Induced Hepatic and Renal Injuries in Rats: An Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Study.

Background: Drug-induced organ toxicity is a significant health concern, with gentamicin known for its effective antibacterial properties but also severe side effects, particularly cytotoxicity in liver and kidney tissues. This current study observed the preventive role of baicalein and bergenin against hepatic and renal injuries caused by gentamicin in rats.

Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups, namely, control, gentamicin (gentamicin 80 mg/kg/day), baicalein (gentamicin 80 mg/kg/day + baicalein 100 mg/kg/day) and bergenin (gentamicin 80 mg/kg/day + bergenin 100 mg/kg/day).

18β-glycyrrhetinic acid Mitigates bisphenol A-induced liver and renal damage: Inhibition of TNF-α/NF-κB/p38-MAPK, JAK1/STAT1 pathways, oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been commonly used in various consumer products, including water bottles, food containers, and canned food linings. However, there are concerns about its potential toxicity to human health, particularly its impact on the liver and kidneys. The objective of this research was to investigate the potential ameliorative effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) against BPA-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats.

Known from trees and the tropics: new insights into the species complex.

The species complex (FLSC) currently comprises 11 phylogenetic species, including accepted names such as , , and , which have mostly been reported in association with citrus and coffee. Many varieties were documented by Wollenweber & Reinking (1935), which is indicative of a wider diversity of species within this group. The lack of type material in some cases, especially for the older names, means that definition by molecular phylogeny is very difficult.

What Is the Efficacy of Bilateral Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion in Cerebral Protection?

Acute type A aortic dissection is among the many types of catastrophic cardiovascular emergencies. The development of serious morbidity, especially neurological complications after the operation, remains a huge threat. We aimed to present comparatively the results of using unilateral or bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion to minimize these threats and to demonstrate the postoperative effects of antegrade cerebral perfusion choices.

Docetaxel-induced liver and kidney toxicity in rats can be alleviated by suppressing oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy signaling pathways after Silymarin treatment.

Approximately 20 million new cancer cases have occurred worldwide, and dose limitation occurs because of the liver and kidney toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. Inflammation/apoptosis/ROS pathways appear to be activated in the liver and kidney toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. This study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of silymarin (SLY) use against docetaxel (DTX)-induced liver and kidney damage in rats.

Fate (or state) of CA2 neurons in a mineralocorticoid receptor knockout.

Hippocampal area CA2 has emerged as a functionally and molecularly distinct part of the hippocampus and is necessary for several types of social behavior, including social aggression. As part of the unique molecular profile of both mouse and human CA2, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR; ) appears to play a critical role in controlling CA2 neuron cellular and synaptic properties. To better understand the fate (or state) of the neurons resulting from MR conditional knockout, we used a spatial transcriptomics approach.

Copy number variations of stepwise-selected doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 cell lines.

Elimination of cytotoxic effect in cells with multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype is a situation that is gradually acquired over time and develops through multiple pathways resulting in global phenotypic changes of cells. Although molecular background of the resistance phenotype has widely been studied in the gene expression level, segmental and gene copy number variations (CNVs) have limitedly been documented. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to analyze the CNVs using DNA microarray in the sensitive and two doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines which had different resistance indices.

Investigating Leptin Gene Variants and Methylation Status in Relation to Breastfeeding and Preventing Obesity.

We investigated whether the results of leptin gene (LEP) 2548G/A (rs7799039) and leptin receptor gene (LEPR) 668 A/G (rs1137101) variants, as well as the methylation analysis of CpG regions at nucleotides -31 and -51 of the LEP gene, showed any differences between breastfed and non-breastfed children in this study. The cross-sectional study included 100 children aged 2-5 years who were attending nursery and kindergarten and had been accepted to the Department of General Paediatrics. Infants who were exclusively breastfed for the first six months after birth constituted the study group, and those who were not only breastfeed constituted the control group.

Assessment of compatibility of dextran/PEMA blends by thermal, topologic and viscoelastic analysis.

In this study, the compatibility of polymer blends of dextran (DEX) and poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PEMA) was evaluated with their enhanced thermal and dynamic mechanical properties as well as structural and topological properties. Blends were prepared in various ratios via solution casting method. The effects of composition and dispersion on interactions, thermal, viscoelastic and topological properties of the blends were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.

Is MAGEC X better than earlier designs of magnetically controlled growing rod: an explant study.

Purpose: Determine the performance of MAGEC X rods through retrieval analysis and comparison with clinical data.

Methods: A multicentre explant database was searched to identify cases using MAGEC X device. Clinical and surgical data was gathered prospectively.

An In house ELISA using recombinant GRA1 and BAG1 proteins as antigen successfully detected Toxoplasma gondii infection in a flock of sheep suffering from abortions.

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the main pathogens causing abortion in sheep. In this study, an in house ELISA using recombinant GRA1 and BAG1 proteins as antigen was used to detect T. gondii infection in a flock of sheep suffering from abortions.

The relationship between mutation carriage of BRCA1/2 and clinicopathological characteristics in women with breast cancer - experience from a diagnostic centre in Turkey.

The 5-10% of breast cancers (BC) are hereditary, and BRCA1/2 are causative in 25% of those inherited. It was aimed to examine the BRCA1/2 genotype-BC phenotype relationship. In 170 female patients with BC, BRCA1/2 genes were investigated using Next Generation Sequencing.

Professional values, cultural competence, and moral sensitivity of surgical nurses: Mediation analysis and structural equation modeling.

Background: Developing a framework that illustrates causal relationships and an in-depth comprehension of contextual elements is essential for steering the development of ethical interventions to enhance nurses' ethical decision-making.

Research Aim: To examine the relationship between cultural competence, professional nursing values, and moral sensitivities of surgical nurses with a mediation analysis and structural equation model.

Research Design: This study is descriptive and correlational.

Effect of obesity and NAFLD on leukocyte telomere length and hTERT gene MNS16A VNTR variant.

It is known that telomere length (TL) (evaluated with T/S ratio) is shortened in the presence of obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate how obesity in adolescents and non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) within the obese group affect TL and the clinical significance of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene MNS16A VNTR variant in terms of NAFLD. Adolescents with exogenous obesity and healthy controls (aged 10-19 years) who applied to our adolescent outpatient clinic between May-October 2023 were included in this study.

β‑catenin expression in endometrioid type endometrial cancer: Expression patterns and impact on disease outcomes.

Determination of nuclear and/or cytoplasmic expression of β-catenin by immunohistochemistry in patients with endometrial cancer (EC) may constitute a potential diagnostic method for identifying patients with a catenin β1 (CTNNB1) gene mutation and those at risk of disease recurrence. The present study aimed to investigate β-catenin expression patterns in hysterectomy specimens of patients with endometrioid type EC using immunohistochemistry, and to examine the prognostic impact of β-catenin. The study was a single-institutional, retrospective cohort trial enrolling consecutive patients with a postoperative histopathological diagnosis of endometrioid EC who underwent hysterectomy between January 2015 and December 2018.

Significantly less wear of UHMWPE rubbing against pyrocarbon than against CoCr.

The history of joint replacement can be framed as a battle to reduce wear. Pyrocarbon has been shown to be a low wear material, but can low wear against an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) counterface be achieved? To investigate this research question, a 50-station, clinically validated wear screening machine was used. Half the stations tested UHMWPE pins against pyrocarbon discs, and half the stations tested UHMWPE pins against cobalt chromium (CoCr) discs.