Enumeration of interphase chromosomes. Comparison of visual in situ hybridization and confocal fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Objective: To compare two visual enumeration methods to determine whether the confocal approach yielded better counts of chromosome-specific hybridization sites.

Study Design: Brightfield microscopy was used to count in situ hybridization (ISH) sites in 4-microns tissue sections. Confocal microscopy was used to collect three-dimensional (3D) data sets from fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) preparations made with sections of various thicknesses.

A comparative study of DNA amount and nuclear dry weight in four different species (Rana catesbeiana, Salmo gairdneri, Gallus domesticus and Homo sapiens).

1. Quantitative electron microscopic and cytophotometric determinations of average nuclear weight, unit weight of chromatin fiber, chromatin fiber diameter and DNA amount were made and compared from lymphocytes in human, chicken, frog and trout. 2.

Morphometric distinction of sclerosing adenosis from tubular carcinoma of the breast.

Objective features have been identified that assist in distinguishing sclerosing adenosis from tubular carcinoma of the breast. Hematoxylin and eosin stained paraffin sections of 18 sclerosing adenoses and 18 tubular carcinomas were studied using a TAS Plus image analysis system. Histological measurements from lumens and glands included stereologic features of architecture and morphometry of size and shape (the latter by Fourier coefficients).

Computer-assisted image interpretation: use of a neural network to differentiate tubular carcinoma from sclerosing adenosis.

Measurement of nuclear and glandular size and shape features was carried out on 18 cases of sclerosing adenosis and 18 cases of tubular carcinoma. Modified Bonferroni analysis showed that glandular surface density and the coefficient of variation of luminal form factor were significant in discriminating between these two lesions. These two histologic features, together with the diagnosis, were used to train a neural network implementing a backpropagation algorithm.

Prediction of prognosis in untreated stage A2 prostatic carcinoma.

Carcinoma is found unexpectedly in approximately 10% or more of the 400,000 prostatectomies performed annually in the United States. Patients with Stage A2 carcinoma die of their disease in only 35% of the cases. To alter the course of disease in these patients, 65% of Stage A2 patients may be treated unnecessarily by radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, or hormonal therapy.