Visualization and analysis of right heart blood flow patterns by contrast echocardiography.

Unlabelled: The clinical utility of visualization of blood flow patterns across the tricuspid valve (TV) and pulmonary valve (PV) by M-mode contrast echocardiography was studied in 38 patients with documented valvular or congenital heart disease and in 15 controls. Diastolic turbulence was observed in the TV outflow side in three patients with tricuspid stenosis. Turbulent flow was also detected during systole in patients with septal defects (atrial septal defect in four patients and ventricular septal defect in one patient) in the right ventricular outflow tract and in three atrial septal defect patients also in the inflow tract, presumably because of increased volume of flow.

Diabetes mellitus in an urban population in Jakarta, Indonesia.

The prevalence of diabetes in an urban population in Koja Utara subdistrict of Jakarta is 1.63%. The prevalence of diabetes increases with age.