Molecular weight of hydroxyethyl starch molecules influences coagulation profile measured by thrombelastography.

Background: The consensus about the ideal intravenous fluid in trauma patients remains open. However, hypertonic saline and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) seems to have advantages in terms of immuno-modulatory and haemodynamic effects. Nevertheless clotting abnormalities are frequently reported in association with the use of HES.

Ultrasonographic guidance for sciatic and femoral nerve blocks in children.

Background: Recent studies have shown that ultrasound guidance for paediatric regional anaesthesia can improve the quality of upper extremity and neuraxial blocks. We therefore investigated whether ultrasound guidance for sciatic and femoral nerve blocks prolongs sensory blockade in comparison with nerve stimulator guidance in children.

Methods: Forty-six children scheduled for surgery of one lower extremity were randomized to receive a sciatic and femoral nerve block under either ultrasound or nerve stimulator guidance.

[Perioperative pain management at the department of orthopaedic surgery of the Vienna Medical School].

Surgical treatment in the skeleton region and its adjacent tissue causes severe pain, demonstrated by the high demand of anaesthetics in the early postoperative phase. In order to offer adequate and individually adapted pain management, the orthopaedic department is working closely with the departments of anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine of the Vienna Medical University at the Vienna's General Hospital. The aim of this cooperation is to start postoperative rehabilitation early, to increase postoperative quality of life and to reduce the length of hospital stay.

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 expression is regulated by the inflammatory mediators interleukin-1alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta and oncostatin M in human cardiac myocytes.

Accumulating evidence points towards a role for proteases and protease inhibitors in tissue remodelling and repair in a variety of organs. In particular-besides the matrix metalloprotease system-the plasminogen activator (PA)/plasmin system has been implicated in these processes in the heart. Urokinase type PA (u-PA) and PA inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) seem to modulate cardiac rupture and infarct healing.

The effect of different isolation techniques on human osteoblast-like cell growth.

Surgical treatment of post-traumatic or neoplastic bone defects often represents a problem in orthopaedic routine. Autologous tissue always stands for the first choice material. The recent therapeutic approaches for tissue repair of bone defects attempt to mimic the natural process of bone repair by delivering a source of cells capable of differentiating into osteoblasts.