Burden of Infections in Early Life and Risk of Infections and Systemic Antibiotics Use in Childhood.

Importance: A high infection burden in early childhood is common and a risk factor for later disease development. However, longitudinal birth cohort studies investigating early-life infection burden and later risk of infection and antibiotic episodes are lacking.

Objective: To investigate whether early-life infection burden is associated with a later risk of infection and systemic antibiotic treatment episodes in childhood.

Urinary Tract Infection in Children and the Potential Role of Pivmecillinam as a Treatment Option.

We investigated the potential role of pivmecillinam in the treatment of urinary tract infections in children. Among 351 children (0-6 years) with urinary tract infections, 83% could be treated with pivmecillinam following urine culture. Resistance was highest in infants (0-3 months) caused by the high prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis.

Proteomic profiling of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection on dried blood spots.

Background: Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is life-threatening, with a mortality of up to 70-80% when disseminated, often due to vague symptoms and delayed treatment. Neonatal screening using dried blood spot (DBS) samples is among the most impactful preventative health measures ever implemented, but screening for HSV has not been investigated.

Methods: We investigated high throughput multiplexed proteomics on DBS samples collected on days 2-3 of life from a nationwide cohort of neonates with HSV infection (n = 53) and matched controls.

No associations between neuroborreliosis in children and psychiatric neurodevelopmental disorders: a nationwide, population-based, matched cohort study.

Background: It has been suggested that neuroborreliosis in children can manifest as psychiatric neurodevelopmental disorders or cause long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae. However, previous studies were limited by size and design.

Methods: We performed a nationwide, population-based, matched cohort study in Denmark between 1995 and 2021.

Mass cytometry reveals cellular correlates of immune response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the elderly.

Heterogeneity in vaccine response, particularly in vulnerable populations like the elderly, represents a significant public health challenge. We conducted an in-depth examination of immune cell profiles before and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination utilizing mass cytometry in a cohort of healthy Norwegian seniors (65-80 years). We have demonstrated that higher pre-vaccination frequencies of CD27IgD class-switched memory B cells and subsets of CD27CD24CD38 transitional B cells were associated with a robust vaccine response.