Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effectiveness of various gutta-percha retrieval methods in endodontic retreatment.
Methods: Five groups were randomly allocated to extract human teeth that had already had root canal therapy: manual files, rotary tools, heat, solvents, and ultrasonics. By evaluating the amount of filling material still present, gutta-percha clearance was quantitatively examined, and root canal cleanliness was qualitatively appraised.