Cochlear implantation and partial deafness - A retrospective review on processor programming.

Background: To decide what programming parameters to use for cochlear implants (CIs) in partial deaf patients can be challenging.

Objective: The processor programming form, categorised as electrical complement (EC), electro-acoustic-stimulation (EAS) or electric stimulation (ES), and difficulties switching programming form were investigated.

Methods: A retrospective investigation of medical records and audiograms was conducted in adult patients intended for EC and EAS.

Do Patients Aged 85 Years and above Benefit from Their Cochlear Implants?

The present study aims to investigate the usage and benefits of cochlear implants (CIs) in elderly patients aged ≥85 years, including their device-handling issues, follow-ups, and the influence on their well-being. The patients answered one questionnaire regarding quality of life, EQ5D-3L, and one questionnaire, obtained from the Swedish CI quality register, regarding usage, handling, satisfaction, remaining difficulties, etc. The medical records were searched for the implantation date, implant model, speech processor model, monosyllabic (MS) word scores, infections over the implant, and compliance regarding scheduled visits to the clinic.

How oxygen deficiency in the Baltic Sea proper has spread and worsened: The role of ammonium and hydrogen sulphide.

Even large inflows of oxygen-rich seawater to the Baltic Proper have in recent decades given only short-lived relief from oxygen deficiency below the halocline. We analyse long-term changes in oxygen deficiency, and calculate the "total oxygen debt" [Formula: see text]OD, the oxygen required to oxidize the hydrogen sulphide (HS) and ammonium (NH) that builds up during stagnation periods. Since the early 1990s, oxygen below 65m has gradually decreased during successive stagnation periods, and the [Formula: see text]OD has increased, with NH more important than previously recognised.