Metal tolerance in plants: Molecular and physicochemical interface determines the "not so heavy effect" of heavy metals.

An increase in technological interventions and ruthless urbanization in the name of development has deteriorated our environment over time and caused the buildup of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil and water resources. These heavy metals are gaining increased access into our food chain through the plant and/or animal-based products, to adversely impact human health. The issue of how to restrict the entry of HMs or modulate their response in event of their ingress into the plant system is worrisome.

Tipranavir/T20-based salvage regimens highly effective and durable against HIV-1 with evidence for genotypic predictability of response in clinical practice.

Escalating drug resistance in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients has made management increasingly difficult. In clinical trials, tipranavir (TPV) has produced potent and durable responses in such patients, although experience in clinical cohorts is limited. A retrospective clinical case review was undertaken of triple-class experienced HIV-1-infected patients receiving optimized boosted TPV-containing regimens and T20 with up to 108 weeks follow-up.