Activation of cellular responses by cyclic dinucleotides and lipopolysaccharide: a proteomic study on gingival fibroblasts.

Background: Bacterial cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), and cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) upregulate interferon signaling proteins of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). However, the simultaneous effect of bacterial CDNs and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the HGF proteome is unknown.

Aim: The aim was to apply an unbiased proteomics approach to evaluate how simultaneous exposure to CDNs and (Pg) LPS affect the global proteome of HGFs.

Systemic Factors Affecting Human Beta-Defensins in Oral Cavity.

Human beta-defensins are host defense peptides with broad antimicrobial and inflammatory functions. In the oral cavity, these peptides are produced mainly by the keratinocytes of the epithelium; however, fibroblasts, monocytes, and macrophages also contribute to oral human beta-defensin expressions. The resident and immune cells of the oral cavity come into contact with various microbe-associated molecular patterns continuously and simultaneously.

Smoking's impact on pocket closure after nonsurgical periodontal treatment in relation to bleeding on probing.

Objectives: The aim was to investigate the impact of smoking on pocket closure at 6 months after treatment of severe periodontitis, in relation to residual clinical inflammation.

Method And Materials: The clinical records of deep pockets (probing depth ≥ 6 mm, n = 984) in 46 individuals with periodontitis were analyzed. Following baseline clinical assessments (Plaque Index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing), nonsurgical periodontal treatment was performed.

Advances in periodontal biomarkers.

Due to technologic advancements, periodontology has witnessed a boost in biomarker research over the past three decades. Indeed, with the aid of omics, our understanding of the healthy periodontium, pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, and healing after periodontal treatment has improved significantly. Yet, the traditional methods, periodontal probing and radiographies, remain the most common methods to diagnose periodontal disease and monitor treatment.

Salivary Th17 cytokine, human β-defensin 1-3, and salivary scavenger and agglutinin levels in Crohn's disease.

Objectives: Crohn's disease patients, who are prone to develop periodontal diseases, may carry genetic defects in their Th17 cytokine, human beta-defensin (hBD) 1-3, and salivary and scavenger agglutinin (SALSA) expressions. Biochemical composition of saliva reflects the oral consequences of systemic immune response modifications. Our aim was to evaluate the salivary Th17 cytokine, epithelial hBD 1-3, and SALSA levels in relation to Crohn's disease.