Author Correction: A distinct and active bacterial community in cold oxygenated fluids circulating beneath the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic ridge.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Origin of orientation-dependent R (=1/T ) relaxation in white matter.

Purpose: In a recent MRI study, it was shown that the longitudinal relaxation rate, R , in white matter (WM) is influenced by the relative orientation of nerve fibers with respect to the main magnetic field (B ). Even though the exact nature of this R orientation dependency is still unclear, it can be assumed that the origin of the phenomenon can be attributed to the anisotropic and unique molecular environment within the myelin sheath surrounding the axons. The current work investigates the contribution of dipolar induced R relaxation of the myelin associated hydrogen nuclei theoretically and compares the results with the experimentally observed R orientation dependency.

Dipolar induced spin-lattice relaxation in the myelin sheath: A molecular dynamics study.

Interactions between hydrogen protons of water molecules and macromolecules within the myelin sheath surrounding the axons are a major factor influencing the magnetic resonance (MR) contrast in white matter (WM) regions. In past decades, several studies have investigated the underlying effects and reported a wide range of R rates for the myelin associated compartments at different field strengths. However, it was also shown that the experimental quantification of the compartment-specific R rates is associated with large uncertainties.

Anaerobic oxidation of ethane by archaea from a marine hydrocarbon seep.

Ethane is the second most abundant component of natural gas in addition to methane, and-similar to methane-is chemically unreactive. The biological consumption of ethane under anoxic conditions was suggested by geochemical profiles at marine hydrocarbon seeps, and through ethane-dependent sulfate reduction in slurries. Nevertheless, the microorganisms and reactions that catalyse this process have to date remained unknown.