[Frequency and barriers to the patient advanced directive and lasting power of attorney: findings from a prospective observation study in palliative care services].

Background: The advance directive and lasting power of attorney are instruments to strengthen patients' autonomy. A hospital-based palliative care consultation service can advise patients and family members about these instruments. This study investigates the need for such consultation among patients with life-limiting illness.

Presentation of ethical criteria during medical decision-making for critically ill patients: a mixed methods study.

Background: Every medical decision is based on balancing medical knowledge, ethical considerations, and patient preferences. Previous surveys have mainly covered the ethical knowledge of medical staff. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of an innovative concept regarding how ethical criteria are applied to clinical decision-making during critical illness.

Hospitalization and Intensive Therapy at the End of Life.

Background: Germany has more intensive care unit (ICU) beds per capita than the USA, but the utilization of these resources at the end of life is unknown.

Methods: Retrospective observational study using nationwide German hospital discharge data (DRG statistics; DRG, diag- nosis-related groups) from 2007 to 2015. We investigated hospital deaths and use of intensive care services during terminal hospitalizations.

[Treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome with gamma-hydroxybutyrate : A randomized controlled study].

Background: The etiology of fibromyalgia syndrome is not yet fully understood. Current hypotheses suggest a potential role of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in influencing endocrinological abnormalities in patients with fibromyalgia.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate whether low dose GHB as a growth-hormone releasing substance reduces pain intensity and improves depressive mood, physical impairment and sleep quality in outpatients with fibromyalgia.