Increased Antibiotic Susceptibility of Gram-Positive Bacteria in Cerebrospinal Fluid Compared to Broth.

In hospital- and community-acquired central nervous system infections, resistant Gram-positive bacteria are an increasing therapeutic challenge. The present approach does not attempt to identify rapidly bactericidal therapies for susceptible pathogens but aims to improve methods to find antibiotic regimens for multi-resistant pathogens that are effective in vivo in spite of reduced in vitro susceptibility in culture media. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and Mueller-Hinton broth (, methicillin-resistant , ) or brain-heart infusion ().

Introgression and mating patterns between white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) and pileated gibbons (Hylobates pileatus) in a natural hybrid zone.

Gibbons (Family Hylobatidae) are a suitable model for exploring hybridization in pair-living primates as several species form hybrid zones. In Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) and pileated gibbons (Hylobates pileatus) are distributed parapatrically and hybridize in a narrow zone. Their phenotypic characteristics suggest limited inter-species gene flow, although this has never been assessed.

Reduced Clostridioides difficile infections in hospitalised older people through multiple quality improvement strategies.

Objectives: To reduce infections with Clostridioides difficile (CDI) in geriatric patients by interventions easily implementable in standard clinical care.

Methods: Prevalence and incidence of CDI between January 2015 and February 2020 were analysed (n = 25,311 patients). Pre-intervention status was assessed from April 2016 to March 2017 (n = 4,922).

Pygmy Marmoset Exudate Feeding Stimulates Exudate Production.

Exudates are an important renewable resource for many primates. Exudate renewability is based on observations of primates repeatedly depleting exudate sites and measures of exudate trees' daily replenishment rates, but the role of the consumer in the renewal process is unclear. Trees' exudate production may be independent of the consumer, remaining unchanged regardless of depletion frequency, but since trees produce exudates as a physiological response to fungal infection, they may produce more exudates with more frequent depletion.

Reproductive seasonality in wild northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina).

Macaque reproductive patterns range from strictly seasonal breeding to non-seasonal breeding, but factors explaining this variation are not fully understood. Valid reproductive seasonality data are also still lacking for many wild macaque populations because the majority of birth data are from captive animals living outside of their geographic range. We evaluated whether the reproductive seasonality of wild northern pig-tailed macaques falls as expected by the ecological (latitude) or phylogenetic inertia hypotheses in comparison with other macaque species.