Formamidinium Incorporates into Rb-based Non-Perovskite Phases in Solar Cell Formulations.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials, such as formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI), are among the most promising emerging photovoltaic materials. However, the spontaneous phase transition from the photoactive perovskite phase to an inactive non-perovskite phase complicates the application of FAPbI in solar cells. To remedy this, alkali metal cations, most often Cs, Rb or K, are included during perovskite synthesis to stabilize the photoactive phase.

The effect of music therapy and breathing exercise on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing coronary angiography: A randomized controlled study.

Background: For over 50 years, music therapy and breathing exercises have been widely utilized as interventions to help individuals cope with fatigue, stress and pain globally.

Aim: To analyse the effects of music and breathing exercises on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Study Design: This is a single-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Evolution and irreversibility: Two distinct phenomena and their distinct laws of nature.

To clarify the place of time direction of change in nature (time arrow), the present article shows why Evolution and Irreversibility are two distinct phenomena. Their distinct laws of nature are the Constructal Law and the Second Law, respectively. The demonstration is based on the simplest setting imaginable: a solid body moving in a pool of water.

Axial-Equatorial Halide Ordering in Layered Hybrid Perovskites from Isotropic-Anisotropic Pb NMR.

Bandgap-tuneable mixed-halide 3D perovskites are of interest for multi-junction solar cells, but suffer from photoinduced spatial halide segregation. Mixed-halide 2D perovskites are more resistant to halide segregation and are promising coatings for 3D perovskite solar cells. The properties of mixed-halide compositions depend on the local halide distribution, which is challenging to study at the level of single octahedra.

Accuracy of liquid drug dose measurements using different tools by caregivers: a prospective observational study.

This study aimed to assess the accuracy of liquid drug dose measurements made by caregivers and explore the factors influencing these measurements. Caregivers (n = 176) of children aged less than 8 years, who were treated at the pediatric clinic of a university hospital in Turkey between July and October 2019, were eligible to participate in this study. The caregivers' ability to accurately measure a 2.