Inflation versus projection sets in aperiodic systems: the role of the window in averaging and diffraction.

Tilings based on the cut-and-project method are key model systems for the description of aperiodic solids. Typically, quantities of interest in crystallography involve averaging over large patches, and are well defined only in the infinite-volume limit. In particular, this is the case for autocorrelation and diffraction measures.

Aperiodic crystals and beyond.

Crystals are paradigms of ordered structures. While order was once seen as synonymous with lattice periodic arrangements, the discoveries of incommensurate crystals and quasicrystals led to a more general perception of crystalline order, encompassing both periodic and aperiodic crystals. The current definition of crystals rests on their essentially point-like diffraction.

Prospective malaria control using entomopathogenic fungi: comparative evaluation of impact on transmission and selection for resistance.

Background: Chemical insecticides against adult mosquitoes are a key element in most malaria management programmes, but their efficacy is threatened by the evolution of insecticide-resistant mosquitoes. By killing only older mosquitoes, entomopathogenic fungi can in principle significantly impact parasite transmission while imposing much less selection for resistance. Here an assessment is made as to which of the wide range of possible virulence characteristics for fungal biopesticides best realise this potential.

Mathematical diffraction of aperiodic structures.

Kinematic diffraction is well suited for a mathematical approach via measures, which has substantially been developed since the discovery of quasicrystals. The need for further insight emerged from the question of which distributions of matter, beyond perfect crystals, lead to pure point diffraction, hence to sharp Bragg peaks only. More recently, it has become apparent that one also has to study continuous diffraction in more detail, with a careful analysis of the different types of diffuse scattering involved.

Ethyl glucuronide determination: head hair versus non-head hair.

Introduction: In previous studies, hair analysis of ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a non-volatile, water-soluble, direct metabolite of ethanol, was shown to be adequate for the detection of social and chronic excessive alcohol consumption. As in some cases scalp hair is not available, the analysis of hair from alternative anatomical sites becomes of interest.

Aims: In this study, hair samples from head, beard, chest, armpit, stomach, pubis, arms and legs from 32 subjects were analyzed when available, in order to compare the EtG concentrations and to study if the cut-offs used for head hair could be used for non-head hair.