[Use of ionizing radiation sources in metallurgy: risk assessment].

Use of ionizing radiation sources in the metallurgical industry: risk assessment. Radioactive sources and fixed or mobile X-ray equipment are used for both process and quality control. The use of ionizing radiation sources requires careful risk assessment.

[Scrap metal and ionizing radiation hazard: prevention and protection].

The numerous accidents occurred in companies that melt scrap metals have shown that the hazard caused by the presence of radioactive materials--or 'orphan sources'--may have serious consequences on standard production, with great economic and social damage. Italian Legislative Decree No. 100/11 establishes the skills required for the safe management of scrap metals in the whole production cycle, thus requiring the involvement of experts in radiation protection.

[Optimization of the thoracic radiograph. Experimental and clinical study on the use of various film/screen combinations using rare earths].

The optimization of chest radiography is a still unresolved problem, as it must answer to various clinical requirements. Even if sometimes the choice is not difficult, it becomes hard when the best film-screen combination is needed. In order to assess the optimization image quality and exposition, different experimental and clinical conditions have been investigated referring to the various combination of screen, film and tension.

[Analysis of the reasons for the rejection of radiographic films in radiodiagnosis].

After a study of quality control on about 30 radiological equipment and two dark rooms, we are now presenting an analysis of 1806 radiological examinations with 5011 films; the reject is 6.2%, namely 311 films. The analysis of the causes of the reject gives the following results: the more important cause is the error of exposure (52.

[Results of a program of quality control in radiodiagnosis].

The results of a program of quality control on about 30 tomographic and fluoroscopic radiological equipments in the Radiological Departments of Spedali Civili (Brescia, Italy), are reported; the physical performances of the beams (kVp, emission, linearity and reproducibility, HVL, focal spot size) and the geometrical conditions (alignment and beam size, thickness of cut for tomography, resolution and homogeneity) have been verified. During one month we have also verified the working conditions for two automatic film processing systems. Three commercial quality control equipments have been employed and tested.