PROMAXX inhaled insulin: safe and efficacious administration with a commercially available dry powder inhaler.

Objectives: We investigated the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of recombinant human insulin inhalation powder (RHIIP), manufactured with PROMAXX technology, which allows formation of uniform protein microspheres.

Methods: Thirty healthy male subjects [age 30 +/- 1 years (mean +/- s.e.

The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of different formulations of biphasic insulin aspart: a randomized, glucose clamp, crossover study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes patients on premixed insulin are commonly prescribed biphasic insulin with low prandial insulin content, such as biphasic insulin aspart (BIAsp) 30, comprising 30% insulin aspart (IAsp). The new formulations BIAsp 50 and BIAsp 70 contain 50% and 70% soluble IAsp, respectively. We compared the pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) of BIAsp 30, 50, and 70 and IAsp in a glucose clamp trial.

Influence of nebivolol and enalapril on metabolic parameters and arterial stiffness in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective: To compare the effects of a cardioselective beta-blocker (nebivolol) with those of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril) on parameters of insulin sensitivity, peripheral blood flow and arterial stiffness during one extended glucose clamp experiment.

Design: A randomized, double-blind crossover trial, consisting of two 12-week treatment phases separated by a 4-week wash-out phase.

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes and arterial hypertension were randomly assigned to one of two treatment sequences (nebivolol-enalapril, enalapril-nebivolol).