Family caregivers making life-sustaining treatment decisions: factors associated with role strain and ease.

Although recent studies have focused on life-sustaining treatment (LST) decision-making by families, research has not examined such decision-making as an aspect of ongoing caregiving by family caregivers. This article focuses on factors associated with family caregiver role strain and ease in LST decision-making. Using content analysis, factors were derived from interview data gathered from 17 family caregivers who had made LST decisions for 16 elderly ill relatives.

Organ and tissue weight presentation in rat populations.

Multiple ways of reporting organ weights are sources of confusion in literature. This study was designed to determine if there is a linear relationship between body weights and selected organ and tissue weights in groups of rats after different liquid feeding options. A randomized 2 x 2 x 2 factorial, randomized block design was used with 40 postpubescent male rats with two levels of feeding schedules, kilocalorie levels, and fiber contents.

How enteral feeding options influence corticosterone patterns in rats.

Even with all the nutritional research conducted to date, it is not clear which enteral nutrition delivery and composition options are most physiologically sound. Glucocorticoid temporal patterns are reported to be shifted or disrupted with restricted feeding schedules, but because of intermittent sampling, temporal patterns have not been completely depicted. The purpose of this study was to characterize corticosterone temporal patterns while systematically varying selected enteral feeding options in a well-established nutritional animal model.

Animals, care, and nursing research.

These multiple measures of health were positive and encouraging. It was possible to integrate nursing actions into protocols for this long-term study. It is the author's belief that by strengthening the humane care and handling of animals the study results can more accurately reflect the discipline of nursing.

Systemic responses to different enteral feeding schedules in rats.

The purpose of this study was to describe selected temporal systemic responses to different enteral feeding schedules using an animal model, as one prerequisite for determining optimal delivery times for human enteral feedings. The effect of feeding schedules and time of day were examined relative to body weight and plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, and corticosterone levels. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 80) were used in a 4 x 4 randomized block design.