Intranasal Administration of Bedaquiline-Loaded Fucosylated Liposomes Provides Anti-Tubercular Activity while Reducing the Potential for Systemic Side Effects.

Liposomal formulations of antibiotics for inhalation offer the potential for the delivery of high drug doses, controlled drug release kinetics in the lung, and an excellent safety profile. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a liposomal formulation for the poorly soluble, antituberculosis agent, bedaquiline. Bedaquiline was encapsulated within monodisperse liposomes of ∼70 nm at a relatively high drug concentration (∼3.

Microbiota alterations in patients treated for susceptible or drug-resistant TB.

Background: We investigated alterations of human microbiota under anti-TB therapies in relationship to the level of drug response.

Methods: Stool, sputum, and oral swab samples were analysed from participants with treatment-naïve TB and participants treated for drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB), drug-resistant TB without injectable drugs (DR-TB-inj-), or with injectable drugs (DR-TB-inj+) at 27-42 days of therapy.

Results: From September 2018 to December 2019, 5 participants with treatment-naïve TB, 6 participants with DS-TB, 10 participants with DR-TB-inj-, and 4 participants with DR-TB-inj+ were recruited.

Update: Vitamin D and calcium carbonate supplementation for adolescents with HIV to reduce musculoskeletal morbidity and immunopathology (VITALITY trial): study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Of the 2 million children living with HIV globally, 90% live in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite antiretroviral therapy, longstanding HIV infection is associated with several chronic complications in children including growth failure, particularly stunting and delayed puberty. Vitamin D deficiency, which is highly prevalent among children living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, has further adverse impact on bone health.

L-Thyroxine and L-thyroxine-based antimicrobials against Streptococcus pneumoniae and other Gram-positive bacteria.

Objectives: The rise of antibiotic-resistant () poses a significant global health threat, urging the quest for novel antimicrobial solutions. We have discovered that the human hormone l-thyroxine has antibacterial properties. In order to explore its drugability we perform here the characterization of a series of l-thyroxine analogues and describe the structural determinants influencing their antibacterial efficacy.