Male complications of female genital mutilation.

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is known to cause a wide range of immediate and long-term complications for women subjected to the practice. Male complications due to FGM have, however, not been described before. The objectives of this study were to explore male complications and attitudes with regard to FGM.

A community based study on the change of practice of female genital mutilation in a Sudanese village.

Objective: To investigate the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM), among young and old parents.

Methods: One hundred and twenty young parents and grandparents in a rural area in central Sudan were randomly selected for interviews carried out according to structured questionnaires with open answer possibilities.

Results: All female respondents had undergone FGM.

Social determinants of birthweight, ponderal index and gestational age in Sweden in the 1920s and the 1980s.

This study compared the effect of social class and marital status on birth outcomes in Sweden, using (i) data on all births at the Akademiska Hospital in Uppsala from 1920 to 1924 with socioeconomic information from records at birth; and (ii) a linkage of the Medical Births Registry for all births in Sweden in November/December 1985 to the 1985 Census. Preterm births (<37 weeks) have become less common during the 20th century. Between 1920-24 and 1985, mean and median birthweight increased, as did mean ponderal index, indicating a shift to the right of the birthweight and ponderal index distributions.

Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease: cohort study of 15 000 Swedish men and women born 1915-29.

Objective: To establish whether fetal growth rate (as distinct from size at birth) is associated with mortality from ischaemic heart disease.

Design: Cohort study based on uniquely detailed obstetric records with 97% follow up over the entire life course and linkage to census data in adult life.

Subjects: All 14 611 babies delivered at the Uppsala Academic Hospital, Sweden, during 1915-29 followed up to end of 1995.

Relation of size at birth to non-insulin dependent diabetes and insulin concentrations in men aged 50-60 years.

Objective: To establish whether the relation between size at birth and non-insulin dependent diabetes is mediated through impaired beta cell function or insulin resistance.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Uppsala, Sweden.