P-glycoprotein promotes epithelial T helper 2-associated cytokine secretion in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: Sinonasal epithelial cells are recognized as drivers of inflammation in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) through secretion of T helper 2 (Th2)-promoting cytokines. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is overexpressed in nasal polyps and modulates epithelial cytokine secretion in healthy mucosa. The objective of this study is to determine whether P-gp overactivity promotes Th2-associated cytokine secretion in CRSwNP.

[Effectiveness of pre-operative education in reducing anxiety in surgical patients].

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured pre-operative interview conducted by operating room nurses in order to reduce the pre-operative anxiety of patients, and to determine the profile of patients who can benefit from it.

Material And Methods: A randomised double-blind and prospective trial was conducted on a sample of 335 patients scheduled for surgery in two regional hospitals in the Basque Region of Spain, Alto Deba Hospital and Mendaro Hospital. We compared the alternative of using a structured briefing (test group) with the current situation without any formal intervention (control group).

Interaction of intracorporeal lithotripters with Proteus mirabilis inoculated inside artificial calcium and struvite stones.

Background And Purpose: Renal calculi may contain bacteria that can remain active inside the stone and produce bacteremia and/or endotoxemia after lithotripsy. Urinary tract infection associated with urinary stones represents high morbidity. The purpose of this research was to use novel artificial struvite stones inoculated with living bacteria and to study the effect of four different intracorporeal lithotripters on bacterial inactivation after in vitro lithotripsy.

Interaction of shockwaves with infected kidney stones: is there a bactericidal effect?

Background And Purpose: Many calculi contain bacteria, which can remain active inside kidney stones and cause infection after lithotripsy. Reduction in renal infections after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy has been observed; however, results are controversial, and no information on the effect of shockwaves on bacteria inside kidney stones has been reported. The purpose of this research was to study whether bacteria inside kidney stones can be inactivated by shockwaves.

Inactivation of bacteria inoculated inside urinary stone-phantoms using intracorporeal lithotripters.

Intracorporeal lithotripsy is used to treat a high percentage of urinary calculi. Urinary calculi may contain bacteria, which might cause septicemia after lithotripsy; however, little is known about the effects of lithotripters on the viability of microorganisms inside renal calculi. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the bactericidal effect, and the potential effect on intra-bacterial protein release of four different intracorporeal lithotripters on Escherichia coli (E.