Preparation of active proteins, vaccines and pharmaceuticals as fine powders using supercritical or near-critical fluids.

Supercritical or near-critical fluid processes for generating microparticles have enjoyed considerable attention in the past decade or so, with good success for substances soluble in supercritical fluids or organic solvents. In this review, we survey their application to the production of protein particles. A recently developed process known as CO2-assisted nebulization with a Bubble Dryer (CAN-BD) has been demonstrated to have broad applicability to small-molecule as well as macromolecule substances (including therapeutic proteins).

Re-examining the oligomerization state of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in solution.

The state of oligomerization of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF, also known as glycosylation inhibiting factor, GIF) in solution has been variously reported as monomer, dimer, trimer, or mixtures of all three. Several crystal structures show MIF to be a trimer. Sedimentation velocity shows a recombinant human MIF sample is quite homogeneous, with 98% as a species with s(20,w)=3.

Phylogenetic relationships and biochemical properties of the duplicated cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms of malate dehydrogenase from a teleost fish, Sphyraena idiastes.

Unlike birds and mammals, teleost fish express two paralogous isoforms (paralogues) of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (cMDH; EC 1.1.1.