An Amphiprotic Novel Chitosanase from Bacillus mycoides and Its Application in the Production of Chitooligomers with Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation.

The objectives of this investigation were to produce a novel chitosanase for application in industries and waste treatment. The transformation of chitinous biowaste into valuable bioactive chitooligomers (COS) is one of the most exciting applications of chitosanase. An amphiprotic novel chitosanase from Bacillus mycoides TKU038 using squid pen powder (SPP)-containing medium was retrieved from a Taiwan soil sample, which was purified by column chromatography, and characterized by biochemical protocol.

Application of Chitinous Materials in Production and Purification of a Poly(l-lactic acid) Depolymerase from Pseudomonas tamsuii TKU015.

The management of fishery residues and plastics is considered to be a vital strategy for conserving resources and maintaining the quality of the environment. Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLA) is a commercially promising, renewable, and biodegradable plastic. In this study, a PLA depolymerase was produced in a squid pen powder (SPP) and recycled plastic waste (PLA powder)-containing medium by TKU015, a bacterial strain isolated from Taiwanese soil.

Production and Characterization of Antioxidant Properties of Exopolysaccharide(s) from Peanibacillus mucilaginosus TKU032.

Natural polysaccharides have received much attention due to their wide range of applications. Although most microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) use sugars as the major carbon source, such as glucose or sucrose, in this study, EPSs were induced from a squid pen powder (SPP)-containing medium by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus TKU032, a bacterial strain isolated from Taiwanese soil. Under the optimal culture conditions, the maximum EPS yield (14.

Chitinolytic Bacteria-Assisted Conversion of Squid Pen and Its Effect on Dyes and Pigments Adsorption.

The aim of this work was to produce chitosanase by fermenting from squid pen, and recover the fermented squid pen for dye removal by adsorption. One chitosanase induced from squid pen powder (SPP)-containing medium by Bacillus cereus TKU034 was purified in high purification fold (441) and high yield of activity recovery (51%) by ammonium sulfate precipitation and combined column chromatography. The SDS-PAGE results showed its molecular mass to be around 43 kDa.

Recent advances in exopolysaccharides from Paenibacillus spp.: production, isolation, structure, and bioactivities.

This review provides a comprehensive summary of the most recent developments of various aspects (i.e., production, purification, structure, and bioactivity) of the exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from Paenibacillus spp.

Squid pen chitin chitooligomers as food colorants absorbers.

One of the most promising applications of chitosanase is the conversion of chitinous biowaste into bioactive chitooligomers (COS). TKU033 chitosanase was induced from squid pen powder (SPP)-containing Bacillus cereus TKU033 medium and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography. The enzyme was relatively more thermostable in the presence of the substrate and had an activity of 93% at 50 °C in a pH 5 buffer solution for 60 min.

Production and purification of a fungal chitosanase and chitooligomers from Penicillium janthinellum D4 and discovery of the enzyme activators.

Chitosanases have received much attention because of their wide range of applications. Although most fungal chitosanases use sugar as their major carbon source, in the present work, a chitosanase was induced from a squid pen powder (SPP)-containing Penicillium janthinellum D4 medium and purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and combined column chromatography. The purified D4 chitosanase exhibited optimum activity at pH 7-9, 60°C and was stable at pH 7-11, 25-50°C.

Purification of chitinase/chitosanase from Bacillus cereus and discovery of an enzyme inhibitor.

A chitinase and a chitosanase were induced from a squid pen powder (SPP)-containing medium of Bacillus cereus TKU030 and purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate and combined column chromatography. The purified chitinase and chitosanase exhibited optimum activity at 60 °C, pH 5-6 and 40 °C, pH 4, respectively. The chitinase and chitosanase were stable at 25-60 °C, pH 4-7 and 25-50 °C, pH 3-7, respectively.

Purification of a thermostable chitinase from Bacillus cereus by chitin affinity and its application in microbial community changes in soil.

A thermostable chitinase was purified by chitin affinity from the culture supernatant of Bacillus cereus TKU028 with shrimp head powder (SHP) as the sole carbon/nitrogen source. TKU028 chitinase was purified using a one-step affinity adsorbent system, and the molecular mass of TKU028 chitinase (approximately 40 kDa) was then determined using SDS-PAGE. The enzyme was stable for 60 min at temperatures below 60 °C and stable over a broad pH range of 4-9 for 60 min.

Exopolysaccharides and antimicrobial biosurfactants produced by Paenibacillus macerans TKU029.

Paenibacillus macerans TKU029 can produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs; 3.46 g/L) and a biosurfactant (1.78 g/L) in a medium with 2 % (w/v) squid pen powder as the sole carbon/nitrogen source.

Enhancement of prodigiosin production by Serratia marcescens TKU011 and its insecticidal activity relative to food colorants.

Prodigiosin (PG) has been reported to have various biological activities. With the aim of increasing Serratia marcescens TKU011 PG production on squid pen powder (SPP)-containing medium, the effects of phosphate and ferrous ion supplementation, autoclave treatment, and aeration were studied. Autoclave treatment showed positive results for PG productivity (2.

Applied development of crude enzyme from Bacillus cereus in prebiotics and microbial community changes in soil.

The chitosanase and chitinase activity were revealed in the culture supernatant of Bacillus cereus TKU027 with shrimp head powder (SHP) as the sole carbon/nitrogen source. The chitosan with 60% degree of deacetylation (DD) was depolymerized by TKU027 crude enzyme. The low DP oligomers stimulated the growth of Lactobacillus paracasei BCRC12193 and Lactobacillus kefir BCRC14011 in a MRS broth supplemented with low DP oligomers for 12 h.

Production and purification of a protease, a chitosanase, and chitin oligosaccharides by Bacillus cereus TKU022 fermentation.

A protease- and chitosanase-producing strain was isolated and identified as Bacillus cereus TKU022. The protease and chitosanase were both produced using 1.5% (w/v) shrimp head powder (SHP) as the sole carbon/nitrogen source, and these enzymes were purified from the culture supernatant.

Utilisation of chitinous materials in pigment adsorption.

The effect of adding the cells of four lactobacilli to a squid pen powder (SPP)-containing medium on prodigiosin (PG) production by Serratia marcescens TKU011 is examined. The best increase in PG productivity was shown by strain TKU012. Among the samples of strain TKU012 and the chitinous materials of cicada casting powder (CCP), shrimp shell powder (SSP), squid pen powder (SPP), α-chitin, and β-chitin, TKU012 cells displayed the best adsorption rate (84%) for PG, followed by CCP, SSP, SPP, α-chitin, and β-chitin.

Fermented and enzymatic production of chitin/chitosan oligosaccharides by extracellular chitinases from Bacillus cereus TKU027.

Two chitinases, Chi I and Chi II, were purified from the culture supernatant of Bacillus cereus TKU027 with shrimp head powder (SHP) as the sole carbon/nitrogen source. The molecular masses of Chi I and Chi II determined using SDS-PAGE were approximately 65kDa and 63kDa, respectively. Chi I toward various surfactants showed high stability, such as SDS, Tween 20, Tween 40 and Triton X-100, and these surfactants were stimulator of Chi I chitinase activity.

A novel compound with antioxidant activity produced by Serratia ureilytica TKU013.

The secondary metabolites from the cultured supernatant of Serratia ureilytica TKU013 with squid pen as the sole carbon/nitrogen source were isolated and ascertained the mechanism of biological activity. The EtOAc layer, which has high DPPH scavenging activity, was applied to silica gel column chromatography with a gradient of CH(2)Cl(2)/MeOH solvent system, to yield A-H and MeOH fractions. The DPPH scavenging activity and cytotoxic activities against Doay and HEp-2 cell lines of these fractions were examined.

Production and characterization of exopolysaccharides and antioxidant from Paenibacillus sp. TKU023.

Using squid pen powder (SPP) as the sole C/N source, Paenibacillus sp. TKU023 produced exopolysaccharides (EPS) and antioxidant. With medium containing 1.

Conversion of squid pen by a novel strain Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei TKU010, and its application in antimicrobial and antioxidants activity.

TKU010 was isolated from infant vomited milk and identified as Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei. TKU010 had desirable properties concerning its ability to withstand adverse conditions in the gastrointestinal tract.

Biodegradation of shellfish wastes and production of chitosanases by a squid pen-assimilating bacterium, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus TKU024.

Two chitosanases (CHSA1 and CHSA2) were purified from the culture supernatant of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus TKU024 with squid pen as the sole carbon/nitrogen source. The molecular masses of CHSA1 and CHSA2 determined by SDS-PAGE were approximately 27 and 66 kDa, respectively. The optimum pH, optimum temperature, pH stability, and thermal stability of CHSA1 and CHSA2 were (pH 6, 50°C, pH 4-10, <90°C) and (pH 7, 60°C, pH 6-11, <70°C), respectively.

Isolation and identification of a novel antioxidant with antitumour activity from Serratia ureilytica using squid pen as fermentation substrate.

The antioxidant activity of the culture supernatant of Serratia ureilytica TKU013 with squid pen as the sole carbon/nitrogen source was assessed by three methods, and the phenolic contents were assayed. The supernatant with the highest antioxidant activity was further purified by liquid-liquid partition, revealing the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity and the highest total phenolic content. Eight fractions were retrieved from silica gel column chromatography of this extract, designated F1-F8.

Purification and biochemical characterization of a nattokinase by conversion of shrimp shell with Bacillus subtilis TKU007.

BSN1, a nattokinase, was purified from the culture supernatant of Bacillus subtilis TKU007 with shrimp shell wastes as the sole carbon/nitrogen source. The BSN1 was purified to homogeneity by three-step procedure with a 515-fold increase in specific activity and 12% recovery. The molecular masses of BSN1 determined by SDS-PAGE and gel filtrations were approximately 30 kDa and 28 kDa, respectively.

Purification and characterization of chitinase from a new species strain Pseudomonas sp. TKU008.

The chitinase producing strain TKU008 was isolated from the soil in Taiwan, and it was identified as a new species of Pseudomonas. The culture condition suitable for production of chitinase was found to be shaken at 30 degrees C for 4 days in 100 mL of medium containing 1% shrimp and crab shell powder, 0.1 % K2HPO4 and 0.

Conversion of squid pen by Pseudomonas aeruginosa K187 fermentation for the production of N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides and biofertilizers.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa K187, a protease- and chitinase-producing bacterium, exhibited protease and chitinase activity after three and five days of incubation, respectively. The protease and chitinase were both produced by using 1% squid pen powder (SPP) (w/v) as sole carbon and nitrogen source. After fermentation, the deproteinization rate of the recovered squid pen gradually increased up to 68% on the fourth day.

Conversion of shrimp shell by using Serratia sp. TKU017 fermentation for the production of enzymes and antioxidants.

A chitinase (CHT), and a protease (PRO) were purified from the culture supernatant of Serratia sp. TKU017 with shrimp shell as the sole carbon/nitrogen source. The molecular masses of CHT and PRO determined by SDS-PAGE were approximately 65 kDa and 53 kDa, respectively.

Conversion and degradation of shellfish wastes by Serratia sp. TKU016 fermentation for the production of enzymes and bioactive materials.

A chitosanase and a protease were purified from the culture supernatant of Serratia sp. TKU016 with shrimp shell as the sole carbon/nitrogen source. The molecular masses of the chitosanase and protease determined by SDS-PAGE were approximately 65 and 53 kDa, respectively.