Claudin-4 expression in gastric cancer cells enhances the invasion and is associated with the increased level of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expression.

Claudin-4 is a member of a large family of transmembrane proteins known as claudins, which are essential for the formation and maintenance of tight junctions. Our previous studies have revealed that claudin-4 proteins are overexpressed in metastatic gastric cancer. To clarify the roles of claudin-4 in gastric cancer metastasis, human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells constitutively expressing wild-type claudin-4 were generated.

The cytotoxicity of mercury chloride to the keratinocytes is associated with metallothionein expression.

There are trace amounts of heavy metals in cosmetics. Heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), which is added to skin-whitening cosmetics, may cause acute or chronic damage to human cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of mercury chloride (HgCl) to human keratinocytes.

Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and coenzyme Q10 protect keratinocytes against UVA irradiation by suppressing glutathione depletion.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (MAP) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) can protect keratinocytes against ultraviolet (UV)A irradiation by increasing the levels of glutathione (GSH). The cell survival fraction was 89.9% when the keratinocytes were irradiated with UVA at a dose of 4 J/cm2.