Early Phase II Comprehensive Cardiac Rehabilitation after Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation is beneficial for patients after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, most institutes perform outpatient training phase (phase II) of post-MI cardiac rehabilitation after 2-4 weeks. To evaluate the possibility of performing cardiac rehabilitation with an earlier schedule after STEMI.

Analysis of Exercise Capacity of Children with Kawasaki Disease by a Coronary Artery z Score Model (ZSP Version 4) Derived by the Lambda-Mu-Sigma Method.

Objective: To compare exercise capacity measured by direct cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) of children with Kawasaki disease with different coronary artery diameter z scores (CA z score).

Study Design: This was a retrospective study that recruited children with Kawasaki disease after the acute stage receiving CPETs determined by CPET with treadmill. CA z score was based on a model using the Lambda-Mu-Sigma method.

Exercise Training Alleviates Hypoxia-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Lymphocytes of Sedentary Males.

This study elucidates how interval and continuous exercise regimens affect the mitochondrial functionality of lymphocytes under hypoxic stress. Sixty healthy sedentary males were randomly assigned to engage in either high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 3 min intervals at 80% and 40% VO, n = 20) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, sustained 60% VO, n = 20) for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks or were assigned to a control group that did not receive exercise intervention (n = 20). Lymphocyte phenotypes/mitochondrial functionality under hypoxic exercise (HE, 100 W under 12% O) were determined before and after the various interventions.

Comparison of cardiac autonomic nervous system disturbed by sleep deprivation in sex and menstrual phase.

Sleep deprivation (SD) leads to cardiovascular risk by disturbing autonomic nervous system (ANS). Whether sex or menstrual cycle influences cardiac ANS interfered by SD remained unclear. This investigation was to further clarify the effects of different menstrual phases on cardiac autonomic nervous activity disturbed by SD.

Activation of lymphocyte autophagy/apoptosis reflects haemodynamic inefficiency and functional aerobic impairment in patients with heart failure.

Lymphocytopenia is associated with an adverse prognosis in heart failure (HF). The present study investigated whether lymphocytopenia results from activated lymphocyte autophagy/apoptosis, which reflects haemodynamic inefficiency and functional aerobic impairment in patients with HF. One hundred and twenty-seven patients with HF were divided into three groups: HF with non- (lymphocytes ≥2000 cells/μl; n=45), mild (lymphocytes between ≥1500 cells/μl and <2000 cells/μl; n=39) and severe (lymphocytes <1500 cells/μl; n=43) lymphocytopenia.

Hypoxic exercise training improves cardiac/muscular hemodynamics and is associated with modulated circulating progenitor cells in sedentary men.

Background: Circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) improve cardiovascular function and organ perfusion by enhancing the capacities of endothelial repair and neovasculogenesis. This study investigates whether exercise regimens with/without hypoxia affect cardiac and muscular hemodynamics by modulating CPCs and angiogenic factors.

Methods: Forty sedentary males were randomly divided into hypoxic (HT, n=20) and normoxic (NT, n=20) training groups.

Effects of interval and continuous exercise training on CD4 lymphocyte apoptotic and autophagic responses to hypoxic stress in sedentary men.

Exercise is linked with the type/intensity-dependent adaptive immune responses, whereas hypoxic stress facilitates the programmed death of CD4 lymphocytes. This study investigated how high intensity-interval (HIT) and moderate intensity-continuous (MCT) exercise training influence hypoxia-induced apoptosis and autophagy of CD4 lymphocytes in sedentary men. Thirty healthy sedentary males were randomized to engage either HIT (3-minute intervals at 40% and 80%VO2max, n=10) or MCT (sustained 60%VO2max, n=10) for 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 5 weeks, or to a control group that did not received exercise intervention (CTL, n=10).

Hypoxic exercise training promotes antitumour cytotoxicity of natural killer cells in young men.

The cytotoxic functions of NKs (natural killer cells) are critical in enabling the immune system to cope efficiently with malignancy. In the present study, we compared how various exercise regimens without/with hypoxia influence phenotypic characteristics of NK subsets and cytotoxicity of NKs to NPCs (nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells). A total of 60 sedentary males were randomly divided into five groups.

Hypoxic exercise training reduces senescent T-lymphocyte subsets in blood.

The integration and control of systemic immune responses depends on the regulated trafficking of T-lymphocytes. This study elucidates how various exercises regimens with/without hypoxia affect phenotypic characteristics of T-lymphocyte subsets in blood. Fifty sedentary males were randomly divided into five groups.