Publications by authors named "Typhaine Poezevara"

This study reports a botulism outbreak on a pig farm. Clostridium botulinum type C was detected using PCR. The gene encoding the toxin corresponds to a novel type C neurotoxin recently described in a human botulism outbreak, raising the question of its prevalence in pigs and the related risks to humans.

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Interest in the conversion of manure in biogas via anaerobic digestion (AD) is growing, but questions remain about the biosafety of digestates. For a period of one year, we monitored the impact of three mesophilic agricultural biogas plants (BPs) mainly fed with pig manure (BP1, BP3) or bovine manure (BP2) on the physicochemical parameters, the composition of the microbial community and the concentration of bacteria (E. coli, enterococci, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum and Clostridioides difficile).

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  • * This study analyzes immune responses in broiler chickens to identify key immune factors that could lead to better vaccine development against Campylobacter, building on previous studies with Leghorn chickens.
  • * The findings show that while vaccinated broilers didn't reduce Campylobacter colonization, they exhibited a systemic immune response with specific antibody production and increased expression of certain immune genes, despite low levels of mucosal antibody production.
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  • The text discusses the challenges of combating a leading zoonotic disease in Europe, primarily found in poultry, as there is currently no effective vaccine available for this infection in chickens.
  • A study focused on the immune responses and gut microbiota changes in chickens after vaccination with a DNA/protein flagellin-based vaccine, which previously showed promise in providing some protection.
  • The results indicated that while vaccinated chickens had reduced bacterial loads and produced specific antibodies, their gut microbiota composition also changed significantly, suggesting vaccination may influence both immune response and gut health.
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This study examined the combined effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (OLR) and heat pretreatment of manure (70 °C, 1 h) on the fate of E. coli, enterococci, C. perfringens, C.

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In winter 2018, a massive type D/C cattle botulism outbreak occurred on a mixed dairy and broiler farm in France. An investigation was conducted based on the hypothesis of asymptomatic carriage in poultry. We set out to identify the source of contamination of the dairy cattle and to monitor the contamination of broilers over time, including the hatchery delivering chicks to the farm.

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Background: Persistence of in the environment is well known. Getting rid of it after animal botulism outbreaks is so tricky, especially as far as manure concerns. This study aimed at 1.

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Since 2018, when a process hygiene criterion for in broilers at the slaughterhouse was implemented across Europe, efforts to reduce at farm level have increased. Despite numerous studies aiming to reduce colonization in broilers, no efficient control strategy has been identified so far. The present work assessed first the efficacy of a commercial litter treatment to reduce colonization in broilers during two in-vivo trials and second, its impact on cecal microbiota.

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Clostridioides difficile strains were isolated from manure and digestate samples from five biogas plants in France. The objective of this study was to characterize these isolates using PCR ribotyping, wgMLST, a multiplex PCR targeting genes encoding for the main virulence factors, i.e.

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Avian botulism is a serious neuroparalytic disease mainly caused by a type C/D botulinum neurotoxin produced by group III, one of the entwined bacterial species from the genospecies. Its isolation is very challenging due to the absence of selective media and the instability of the phage carrying the gene encoding for the neurotoxin. The present study describes the development of an original method for isolating C.

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We report a botulism outbreak in Charolais cattle fed with wheat flour contaminated by type C and the management of the outbreak at each step from the clinical suspicion to the cleaning and disinfection operations. Diagnosis was based on typical suggestive clinical signs and detection of type C using real-time PCR in samples collected from three young affected bulls. All young exposed bulls and cows (18 animals) eventually died, but three young bulls and one cow were recovering when it was decided to euthanize them.

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The number of agricultural biogas plants has been increasing in the past decades in some European countries. Digestates obtained after anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure are usually spread on agricultural land; however, their hygiene status regarding pathogens posing public health and/or animal health challenges has been poorly characterized up to now in France. In this study, three replicates of manure and digestate were collected from five farm biogas plants receiving animal manure in order to assess the occurrence and concentrations of sporulating (Clostridium botulinum, Clostridioides difficile, Clostridium perfringens) and nonsporulating (Listeria monocytogenes, thermotolerant Campylobacter spp.

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  • Pathogen source attribution studies help identify where human infections come from, with chicken identified as a primary source of C. jejuni infections using Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) data.* -
  • This study utilized whole genome sequencing and 156 new C. jejuni genomes to assess sources of clinical isolates in France, confirming that chicken accounts for 31-63% and ruminants for 22-55% of cases.* -
  • The findings highlight the need for ongoing research into transmission routes from animals to humans, as the importance of different sources can vary by year and analysis method.*
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is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in industrialized countries, with poultry reservoir as the main source of infection. Nevertheless, a recent study on source attribution showed that cattle could be a source of human contamination in France (Thépault et al., 2017).

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Article Synopsis
  • - Vaccinating broilers could help lower Campylobacter levels in poultry, potentially reducing human diseases, but an effective vaccine is still not available.
  • - A recent study experimented with a new avian subunit vaccine using flagellin, finding it induced a strong immune response in specific chickens but not in conventional broilers with pre-existing antibodies.
  • - The research indicates the vaccine's effectiveness varies based on the chicken's immune status and suggests the need for adaptations to make it more beneficial for broilers, which have been addressed in subsequent work.
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  • - Campylobacter is the top cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the EU, primarily linked to poultry meat consumption and handling, so reducing its presence in birds could lower human cases.
  • - Researchers have identified new vaccine candidates through reverse vaccinology, showing promise in reducing Campylobacter loads in chickens and generating a specific immune response.
  • - Although four out of six candidates significantly lowered cecal Campylobacter loads in one trial, results weren't statistically backed in a second trial, indicating a need for further research on these potential vaccines.
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The poultry reservoir, especially broiler meat, is generally recognized as one of the most-important sources for human Campylobacteriosis. The measures to control targeted essentially the primary production level. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments against natural colonization in a French experimental farm of free-range broilers during the whole rearing period.

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Liver is a reliable matrix for laboratory confirmation of avian botulism using real-time PCR. Here, we developed, optimized, and validated the analytical steps preceding PCR to maximize the detection of Clostridium botulinum group III in avian liver. These pre-PCR steps included enrichment incubation of the whole liver (maximum 25 g) at 37°C for at least 24 h in an anaerobic chamber and DNA extraction using an enzymatic digestion step followed by a DNA purification step.

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Campylobacteriosis is the most frequently reported zoonotic disease in humans in the EU since 2005. As chicken meat is the main source of contamination, reducing the level of Campylobacter in broiler chicken will lower the risk to consumers. The aim of this project was to evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus salivarius SMXD51 to control Campylobacter jejuni in broilers and to investigate the mechanisms that could be involved.

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Diagnosis of avian botulism is based on clinical symptoms, which are indicative but not specific. Laboratory investigations are therefore required to confirm clinical suspicions and establish a definitive diagnosis. Real-time PCR methods have recently been developed for the detection of Clostridium botulinum group III producing type C, D, C/D or D/C toxins.

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