Feasibility and assessment of self-reported dietary recalls among newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis: a quasi-experimental pilot study.

Background: Individuals who are newly diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) may choose not to undergo disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) due to concerns about expenses or potential adverse effects. Thus, many individuals will opt for alternative therapies, such as dietary modifications. Among these dietary approaches, the modified Paleolithic elimination diet has shown promise for improving MS-related symptoms; however, restriction of certain food groups can lead to inadequate intake of nutrients.

Association of diabetes mellitus with dementia- and non-dementia-related mortality amongst women: a secondary competing risks analysis of the California Teachers Study.

Background And Purpose: The prevalence of dementia is rapidly increasing. Attempts to further understand modifiable risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (DM) are urgently needed to inform public health policies for prevention. Thus, the objective of the current study was to assess the relationship between DM and risk of dementia and non-dementia mortality amongst women in the California Teachers Study prospective cohort.

Association Between Improved Serum Fatty Acid Profiles and Cognitive Function During a Dietary Intervention Trial in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Cognitive impairment is a common multiple sclerosis (MS)-related symptom that impacts quality of life (QOL). Diet interventions are shown to be beneficial in managing QOL, and the intake of essential fatty acids is linked with improved cognitive function. However, the effect of diets on serum fatty acid profiles and cognitive function is unknown.

The effect of dietary interventions on inflammatory biomarkers among people with multiple sclerosis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system, characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration, which has a profound impact on the quality of life. Dysregulated inflammatory processes are a major driver of MS progression, with many areas of research being dedicated to modulating inflammation in people with MS. Several dietary patterns have been associated with improvements in inflammatory biomarkers; although, the findings have been inconsistent.

Effects of a Remote Multimodal Intervention Involving Diet, Walking Program, and Breathing Exercise on Quality of Life Among Newly Diagnosed People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Quasi-Experimental Non-Inferiority Pilot Study.

Background: Interventions involving diet, physical activity, and breathing exercises are shown to be beneficial in managing both fatigue and quality of life (QoL) related to MS; however, the impact of such interventions among people newly diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) who decline disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) is unknown.

Methods: A 12-month prospective quasi-experimental non-inferiority trial recruited people newly diagnosed with CIS or RRMS who voluntarily declined DMTs (health behavior group; HB, n = 29) or followed standard of care (SOC, n = 15). Participants in the HB group were remotely coached on the study diet, moderate-intensity walking, and breathing exercises.

Diet-induced changes in functional disability are mediated by fatigue in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A secondary analysis of the WAVES randomized parallel-arm trial.

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (MS) often report dietary modifications; however, evidence on functional outcomes remains sparse.

Objective: Evaluate the impact of the low-saturated fat (Swank) and modified Paleolithic elimination (Wahls) diets on functional disability among people with relapsing-remitting MS.

Methods: Baseline-referenced MS functional composite (MSFC) scores were calculated from nine-hole peg-test (NHPT), timed 25-foot walk, and oral symbol digit modalities test (SDMT-O) collected at four study visits: (a) run-in, (b) baseline, (c) 12 weeks, and (d) 24 weeks.

Association of type 2 diabetes mellitus with dementia-related and non-dementia-related mortality among postmenopausal women: A secondary competing risks analysis of the women's health initiative.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRD) are leading causes of death among older adults in the United States. Efforts to understand risk factors for prevention are needed.

Methods: Participants (n = 146,166) enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative without AD at baseline were included.

Evaluation of a web-based program for the adoption of wellness behaviors to self-manage fatigue and improve quality of life among people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized waitlist-control trial.

Background: Wellness is a promising area of research in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, considerable questions remain regarding the efficacy of behavioral interventions to improve wellness and which delivery methods yield favorable results.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a wellness intervention consisting of diet, stress reduction techniques, sleep hygiene, and exercise, delivered via a 7-week web-based program with no tailored intervention support (e.g.

Adults.

Background: Laboratory studies have linked nickel with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, few observational studies in humans have confirmed this association.

Objective: This study aimed to use urinary nickel concentrations, as a biomarker of environmental nickel exposure, to evaluate the cross-sectional association between nickel exposure and CVD in a nationally representative sample of U.S.

Inadequate Niacin Intake Disrupts Growth and Retinol Homeostasis Resulting in Higher Liver and Lower Serum Retinol Concentrations in Male Rats.

Background: Niacin-derived nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is an essential cofactor for many dehydrogenase enzymes involved in vitamin A (VA) metabolism. Several countries with high prevalence of VA deficiency rely on maize, a poor source of available niacin, as a dietary staple.

Objectives: This study evaluated the interaction of dietary niacin on VA homeostasis using male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 21 d (baseline body weight 88.

Association of serum homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B and mood following the Swank and Wahls elimination dietary interventions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Secondary analysis of the WAVES trial.

Background: Depression and anxiety are common psychiatric comorbidities among people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Emerging data suggest abnormal serum homocysteine, vitamin B, and folate levels in people with MS, which are related to a range of neurological disorders, including mood and mental illnesses. Evidence suggests that dietary interventions could affect mood disorders via several pathways.

Overview of diet and autoimmune demyelinating optic neuritis: a narrative review.

This review summarizes the cellular and molecular underpinnings of autoimmune demyelinating optic neuritis (ADON), a common sequela of multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. We further present nutritional interventions tested for people with multiple sclerosis focusing on strategies that have shown efficacy or associations with disease course and clinical outcomes. We then close by discuss the potential dietary guidance for preventing and/or ameliorating ADON.

Association between improved metabolic risk factors and perceived fatigue during dietary intervention trial in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A secondary analysis of the WAVES trial.

Background: Preliminary dietary intervention trials with the low-saturated fat (Swank) and modified Paleolithic elimination (Wahls) diets have shown favorable effects on fatigue among people with multiple sclerosis (MS); however, their impact on metabolic health is unknown.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the Swank and Wahls diets on markers of metabolic health and to determine the association and mediation effect between changes in metabolic health and perceived fatigue among people with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).

Methods: As part of a randomized parallel-arm trial, vital signs, blood metabolic biomarkers, and the fatigue scale for motor and cognitive functions (FSMC) were collected from participants with relapsing-remitting MS ( = 77) at four study visits spaced 12 weeks apart: (1) run-in, (2) baseline, (3) 12-weeks, and (4) 24-weeks.

Comparison of the Ketogenic Ratio of Macronutrients With the Low-Carbohydrate Diet Score and Their Association With Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women: A Secondary Analysis of the Women's Health Initiative.

Background: Previous attempts to identify low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) in epidemiological studies relied on the LCD Score, which is unable to identify ketogenic dieters. Ketogenic ratios of macronutrients are clinical equations proposed to predict ketogenic diets; however, their utility in epidemiological studies is unknown.

Objective: To determine the number of participants consuming a ketogenic diet, compare ketogenic ratios to the LCD Score, and evaluate their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Efficacy of Diet on Fatigue and Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.

Background And Objective: Emerging evidence suggests a role for diet in multiple sclerosis (MS) care; however, owing to methodological issues and heterogeneity of dietary interventions in preliminary trials, the current state of evidence does not support dietary recommendations for MS. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of different dietary approaches on MS-related fatigue and quality of life (QoL) through a systematic review of the literature and network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods: Electronic database searches were performed in May 2021.

Facilitators of and Barriers to Adherence to Dietary Interventions Perceived by Women With Multiple Sclerosis and Their Support Persons.

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently report implementing dietary strategies as part of their personal wellness programs; however, little is known about the perceived themes of healthy behavior change in people with MS.

Methods: Semistructured one-on-one interviews were conducted with 20 women with MS enrolled in 2 different restrictive dietary intervention studies and their 18 self-identified support persons consisting of partners and adult children. Interviews were transcribed, coded, categorized, and then grouped into summative themes.

Environmental Nickel Exposure and Diabetes in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults.

Laboratory studies have shown that nickel exposure may adversely affect glucose metabolism. However, studies about the effects of environmental nickel exposure on diabetes pathogenesis in humans are sparse. We aimed to evaluate the association of urinary nickel concentrations, as a biomarker of environmental nickel exposure, and diabetes in a nationally representative sample of US adults.

Association of multiple sclerosis with risk of mortality among a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been associated with increased mortality ratios, but few studies have investigated the independent association of MS with mortality.

Objective: To examine the prospective association of MS with risk of mortality in a nationally representative sample of U.S.

Association between preoperative serum albumin levels with risk of death and postoperative complications after bariatric surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Hypoalbuminemia is common among individuals with obesity who qualify for bariatric surgery, but its relevance to clinical outcomes after bariatric surgery remains to be established.

Objectives: To examine the association of preoperative serum albumin with 30-day postoperative outcomes.

Setting: Data from the 2015-2019 Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program Participant Use Files were used.

Change in Micronutrient Intake among People with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Adapting the Swank and Wahls Diets: An Analysis of Weighed Food Records.

The low-saturated fat (Swank) and modified Paleolithic elimination (Wahls) diets have shown promise for MS symptoms; however, due to their restriction of specific foods, inadequate intake of micronutrients is concerning. Therefore, as part of a randomized trial, weighed food records were collected on three consecutive days and were used to evaluate the intake of micronutrients among people with relapsing remitting MS adapting these diets. After randomization to either the Swank or Wahls diets, diet education and support was provided by registered dietitians at baseline and throughout the first 12 weeks of the intervention.

Impact of the Swank and Wahls elimination dietary interventions on fatigue and quality of life in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: The WAVES randomized parallel-arm clinical trial.

Objective: To compare the effect of the modified Paleolithic elimination (Wahls) and low-saturated fat (Swank) diets in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).

Methods: Individuals (n = 87) with RRMS were randomized to the Swank or Wahls diets in a parallel group clinical trial consisting of four timepoints: 1) run-in, 2) baseline, 3) 12-weeks, and 4) 24-weeks.

Results: 77 participants completed 12 weeks and 72 completed 24 weeks.