Increased Pitch Velocity Is Associated With Throwing Arm Kinetics, Injury Risk, and Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescent, Collegiate, and Professional Baseball Pitchers: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

Purpose: To assess the relationship between pitch velocity and throwing arm kinetics, injury, and ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLr) among high school, collegiate, and professional baseball pitchers.

Methods: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed (2008-2019), and OVID/MEDLINE (2008-2019) were queried for articles that reported on pitch velocity predicting throwing arm kinetics, injury, or UCLr. The Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies checklist was used to evaluate the quality of all included studies.

Ergonomics Among Craniofacial Surgeons: A Survey of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Discomfort and Injury.

Introduction: Surgical procedures with loupe magnification, headlights, and microscopes expose craniofacial surgeons to mechanical stress that can increase risk of long-term musculoskeletal pain and injury. Identifying the prevalence and cause of work-related musculoskeletal discomfort may guide preventative strategies to prolong well-being, job satisfaction, and greater duration of surgical careers.

Methods: A 29-question online survey was distributed to the surgeon members of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association.