Characteristics of Academic Pharmacy Fellowship Programs: Results of a Cross-Sectional Online Search.

Objective: The pharmacy Academy faces an urgent need for diverse, experienced faculty members. However, although many faculty candidates may come from advanced training backgrounds, many do not have all the skills required to transition seamlessly into an academic role. Academic pharmacy fellowships are a promising strategy to address these gaps.

Development and implementation of a Community Pharmacy "Bootcamp" activity - A pilot study.

Objective: The objectives of this study are to describe 1) the implementation of and 2) student performance and perceptions during an innovative classroom activity.

Methods: The Bootcamp was designed as an exercise in productive failure for second-year PharmD students enrolled in a community pharmacy elective course. A prescription verification exercise was introduced; however, students were intermittently interrupted with common community pharmacist tasks.

Racial and ethnic harm in patient care is a patient safety issue.

Health equity and antiracism can contribute to enhanced patient safety in healthcare settings. The Oath of the Pharmacist states, "I will promote inclusion, embrace diversity, and advocate for justice to advance health equity." Part of this commitment means upholding these principles in patient care settings.

A meta-narrative review of choose-your-own-adventure style patient case activities in pharmacy education.

Background: The objective of this review was to characterize the methods of delivery and assessment of Choose Your Own Adventure (CYOA)-style activities in pharmacy education. A secondary objective was to utilize available data to determine best practices for educators interested in developing similar activities.

Methods: A meta-narrative approach according to the guidance of the RAMESES standards was used for this review.

White coats, Black lives-racial trauma in Black pharmacists.

Background: Race-based traumatic stress, or racial trauma, can negatively impact the health and wellbeing of Black health professionals. However, the effects of racial trauma among Black pharmacists have not been thoroughly explored.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore Black pharmacist experiences of race-based traumatic stress and its effects in the workplace.

"Following your dreams, and not killing yourself to do so": Black PharmDstudent perceptions of pharmacy residency.

Objective: Residency training is a key element of advancing the roles of pharmacists in patient care. Diversifying the healthcare workforce is also crucial in reducing health disparities and improving health equity. The objective of this study was to investigate Black Doctor of Pharmacy students' perceptions of pursuing pharmacy residency training to aid pharmacy educators in creating and improving structures to support the professional advancement of Black student pharmacists.

Training Student Pharmacists How to Mitigate Racial or Ethnic Microaggressions in Patient Encounters.

The experience of interfacing with the health care system is a taxing one for racially or ethnically marginalized patients (REMPs). The seemingly inevitable occurrence of encountering microaggressions is reason enough to avoid the interaction for many resulting in worse health outcomes. Microaggressions result in conflict, loss to follow-up, and reinforcing the unwelcome atmosphere of the health care system to REMPs.

Improvement in Pharmacy Student Responses to Medication-Related Problems with and without Clinical Decision Support Alerts.

Objective: To assess pharmacy student responses to medication problems with and without clinical decision support (CDS) alerts during simulated order verification.

Methods: Three classes of students completed an order verification simulation. The simulation randomized students to a different series of 10 orders with varying CDS alert frequency.

Pharmacist Preceptor Exposure, Comfort and Awareness of Resources to Address the Social Determinants of Health-A Pilot Study.

As preceptors are responsible for the experiential education of future pharmacists, it is important to assess understanding and identify knowledge gaps for preceptor development. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the exposure to social determinants of health (SDOH), comfort in addressing social needs, and awareness of social resources among the preceptors at one college of pharmacy. A brief online survey was sent to all affiliated pharmacist preceptors with screening criteria for pharmacists who had regular one-on-one patient interactions.

Pharmacy personnel comfort and confidence in screening for social needs: A pilot study.

Background: Addressing social needs (such as lack of adequate housing, food, and transportation) has been shown to improve medication adherence and overall patient outcomes. However, screening for social needs during routine patient care can be challenging due to lack of knowledge of social resources and adequate training.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to explore the comfort and confidence of community pharmacy personnel in a chain community pharmacy when discussing social determinants of health (SDOH) with patients.

Successful Development and Implementation of a Large Virtual Interprofessional Education Activity Applying the Social Determinants of Health.

Interprofessional education (IPE) activities provide students insight into healthcare teams, shared decision-making, and social determinants of health (SDOH). Virtual IPE activities with large student populations or across multicampus have not been evaluated. The study aimed to explore the interprofessional competency growth in students, across several disciplines, following participation in a large-scale, virtual IPE activity.

Patient perspectives of discussing social determinants of health with community pharmacists.

Background: Social determinants of health (SDOH) have a considerable impact on the lives and health outcomes of Black communities. Although the implementation of social needs screening in various clinical settings has been studied, the patient perspective of discussing SDOH with health care providers has not been thoroughly investigated. There is an opportunity for community pharmacists to help identify social risk factors and address social needs, particularly in minoritized communities.

Defining the role of pharmacists in addressing the social determinants of health.

As one of the overreaching goals of Healthy People 2030, addressing the social determinants of health (SDOH) to reduce health disparities is a nationwide concern, with objectives informed by interdisciplinary teams of experts. However, there remains much discussion regarding the roles of healthcare providers in addressing SDOH. While current guidance suggests that all members of the healthcare team must be empowered to address SDOH, current guidance explicitly references physicians, nurses, social workers and staff, and do not specifically include pharmacists.

A community-based partnership collaborative practice agreement project to disseminate and implement evidence-based practices in community pharmacy.

Background And Purpose: The objective of this study is to explore the impact of an educational intervention including (1) collaborative practice agreement (CPA)-focused lecture and (2) a student project in partnership with a community-based pharmacy on dissemination and implementation of CPAs in community pharmacy practice.

Educational Activity And Setting: A CPA-focused classroom lecture and related project were given to five sequential years of second-year pharmacy students enrolled in a community pharmacy elective course. Community pharmacist feedback provided at the completion of the project was compared to present-day data collected via telephone survey.

Reimagining Pharmacy Education through the Lens of a Choose Your Own Adventure Activity-A Qualitative Evaluation.

Background: Successful pharmacy curricula expose students to a variety of teaching and assessment methods to prepare students for clinical practice. However, development of clinical decision-making skills is often challenging for learners. To meet this need, the Choose Your Own Adventure (CYOA) Patient Case Format was developed to enhance traditional paper patient cases by integrating problem-based and case-based learning to improve pharmacy student learning.

Effects of Racial Trauma on Black Doctor of Pharmacy Students.

In the wake of several high-profile police killings, in 2020 the United States began another reckoning with structural racism, injustice, and violence against Black Americans. The objectives of this study were to explore the impact of racialized sociopolitical events on Black Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students. Focus groups were conducted with second- to fourth-year Black PharmD students enrolled at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy.

Scaling technician product verification: Contextual analysis for developing an implementation strategy for a large community pharmacy chain.

Objective: To identify facilitators and barriers of early implementation of a technician product verification (TPV) program in a large community pharmacy chain.

Methods: A mixed-methods (surveys, semistructured interviews, and nondisguised direct observation) approach was used to ascertain facilitators and barriers to implementation and to subsequently develop a scalable implementation strategy with the aim to accelerate TPV scalability across a large community pharmacy chain in states where it is permitted. One-on-one staff interviews and observations provided qualitative data to identify facilitators and barriers to TPV.

Screening for social determinants of health in community pharmacy: Identifying best practices, barriers, and strategies for success.

The social determinants of health (SDOH) play a key role in patients' access to health care and medications. There exists an area of opportunity to leverage community pharmacists to make a large impact in identifying and incorporating an understanding of a patient's SDOH into their treatment plan. Community pharmacies are accessible and trusted avenues for health care interventions.

Implementation of Flipgrid as a Self-Reflection Tool for Student Engagement- A Pilot Study.

Background: Self-reflection is important for professional development, critical thinking, and engagement. However, self-reflection is not habitual or instinctive, and reflection assignments are often met with resistance from students. While written reflections are popular, other self-reflection mediums should be investigated.

Enhancing Student Knowledge of Diabetes through Virtual Choose Your Own Adventure Patient Case Format.

Educational strategies to teach pharmacy students about diabetes are necessary to prepare future pharmacists to manage complex patients. The Choose Your Own Adventure (CYOA) patient case format is an innovative activity that presents a patient case in an engaging way. The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the development of the innovative teaching activity and (2) to assess its effect on student knowledge and confidence in outpatient management of diabetes.

Development of a Remote Public Health Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience in Response to COVID-19.

Objectives: In order to meet the needs of the COVID-19 public health crisis and to actively engage students in patient care opportunities, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy in partnership with the Tennessee Health Department, developed a remote Public Health Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) Elective. The objectives of this paper are to describe the development of and students' experiences and learning outcomes during the elective. Faculty preceptor and experiential administrator's perspectives are also described.

Knowledge and self-perception comparisons between students with and without prior technician experience in community pharmacy lab courses.

Introduction: It is unknown if students with previous pharmacy technician experience benefit from a community pharmacy dispensing lab. Anecdotally, students with previous technician experience often do not feel a substantial benefit from the course. The purpose of this project was to evaluate pharmacy practice knowledge and perceptions of those with and without prior technician experience in a community lab course.

A survey to assess experiences and social support of underrepresented minority doctor of pharmacy students.

Introduction: There is little data regarding the experiences of underrepresented minorities in pharmacy school. The objectives of this project were to describe the perceived racial and social climate at a diverse college of pharmacy (COP) and to determine areas of opportunity to improve the experiences of underrepresented minority students.

Methods: An electronic survey was administered to students from all four professional years at a COP in Houston, Texas.