Graduate anatomy education: How are we training the future generations of anatomy educators?

The teaching of anatomy is relevant to many fields and anatomy teachers are in demand. Individuals with a graduate anatomy education are some of the most sought-after candidates to fill open teaching positions, but it is unclear as to what constitutes a graduate anatomy education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the components of a graduate anatomy education in the United States.

Change in Financial Stress and Relational Wellbeing During COVID-19: Exacerbating and Alleviating Influences.

Guided by the family adjustment and adaptation response (FAAR) model and using a panel survey of 1510 adults in the US administered during the summer of 2020 and a mixed methods approach, we explored associations between changes in financial stress related to COVID-19 and relational wellbeing. Regression analyses showed that, compared to those who maintained their levels of financial stress, those who reported increased financial stress reported increased conflict and those who reported decreased financial stress reported decreased conflict. However, decreased financial stress was also associated with decreases in emotional closeness and relationship happiness, suggesting that changes in financial stress can lead to both and in families.

Are Neighborhood Conditions Associated With Surgical Delays and Meniscus Tears in Children and Adolescents Undergoing ACL Reconstruction?

Background: Markers of a patient's social determinants of health, including healthcare insurance and median household income based on ZIP Code, have been associated with the interval between injury and ACL reconstruction (ACLR) as well as the presence of concomitant meniscus tears in children and adolescents. However, the aforementioned surrogate indicators of a patient's social determinants of health may not reflect all socioeconomic and healthcare resources affecting the care of ACL injuries in children and adolescents. The use of multivariate indices such as the Child Opportunity Index (COI) may help to better identify patients at risk for increased risk for delay between ACL injury and surgery, as well as the incidence of meniscus tears at the time of surgery.

Is Preferred Language Other Than English Associated With Delayed Surgery After ACL Injury in Children and Adolescents?

Background: Previous studies have investigated the impact of social determinants of health, such as the type of healthcare insurance and household income, on children and adolescents with ACL tears. However, despite the increasing incidence of ACL injury in young patients and a substantial proportion of families who may prefer languages other than English, the relationship between language and clinical care remains unclear.

Questions/purposes: To investigate the relationship between language and the care of children and adolescents with ACL tears, we asked: (1) Is a preferred language other than English (PLOE) associated with a delay between ACL injury and surgery? (2) Is a PLOE associated with a greater odds of a patient experiencing a meniscal tear and undergoing a meniscectomy than in those who prefer English?

Methods: We treated 591 patients surgically for ACL injuries between 2011 and 2021.

Serum biomarkers correlated with liver stiffness assessed in a multicenter study of pediatric cholestatic liver disease.

Background And Aims: Detailed investigation of the biological pathways leading to hepatic fibrosis and identification of liver fibrosis biomarkers may facilitate early interventions for pediatric cholestasis.

Approach And Results: A targeted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based panel of nine biomarkers (lysyl oxidase, tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, connective tissue growth factor [CTGF], IL-8, endoglin, periostin, Mac-2-binding protein, MMP-3, and MMP-7) was examined in children with biliary atresia (BA; n = 187), alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AT; n = 78), and Alagille syndrome (ALGS; n = 65) and correlated with liver stiffness (LSM) and biochemical measures of liver disease. Median age and LSM were 9 years and 9.

Reoperation After Osteochondral Autograft and Allograft Transfer in the Pediatric Knee.

Osteochondral autograft (OAU) transfer and osteochondral allograft (OAL) transfer are options for treating sizable articular cartilage lesions in the knee, but there is little evidence to support one technique over another. The goal of this study is to compare the rate of reoperation among children and adolescents undergoing OAU or OAL of the knee. In this retrospective cohort study, the Pediatric Health Information System, a national database consisting of 49 children's hospitals, was queried for all patients undergoing OAU and OAL between 2012 and 2018.

Targeting uPA-uPAR interaction to improve intestinal epithelial barrier integrity in inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Loss of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity is a critical component of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Co-expression regulation of ligand-receptor pairs in IBD mucosa has not been systematically studied. Targeting ligand-receptor pairs which are induced in IBD mucosa and function in intestinal epithelial barrier integrity may provide novel therapeutics for IBD.

Epidemiology of pediatric cartilage restoration procedures in the United States: insurance and geography play a role.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the epidemiology of children and adolescents undergoing osteochondral autograft transplantation (OAT), osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA), and autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) in the United States.

Methods: The Pediatric Health Information System, a national database consisting of 49 children's hospitals, was queried for all patients undergoing OAT, OCA, and ACI between 2012 and 2018. Demographic information was collected for each subject.

Predictors of Arthrofibrosis After Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: What Is the Impact of Quadriceps Autograft?

Background: Recent literature on arthrofibrosis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in children and adolescents is limited, especially with regards to quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of arthrofibrosis after ACLR, with attention to the impact of graft type.

Methods: Patients that underwent primary ACLR at a tertiary children's hospital were reviewed for this retrospective case-control study.

Laparoscopic repair of recurrent inguinal hernia offers similar outcomes and quality of life to primary laparoscopic repair.

Objective: Open repair of recurrent inguinal hernias has been shown to result in significantly poorer perioperative outcomes when compared to open primary hernia repair. However, limited data exist comparing primary and recurrent laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR). The aim of our study was to compare quality of life and clinical outcomes between these two groups.

Patient-Centered Outcomes after Laparoscopic Paraesophageal Hernia Repair.

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate patient-centered quality of life (QOL) outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair.

Study Design: We prospectively followed patients who underwent laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair between 2009 and 2016. The QOL outcomes were measured using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, GERD Health Related Quality of Life, Reflux Symptom Index, and Dysphagia score surveys administered preoperatively and at 3 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively.

Quality of life after laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair of an asymptomatic inguinal hernia.

Background: When considering an asymptomatic inguinal hernia, surgeons must weigh the risks of watchful waiting against the risk of operative complications. Laparoscopy offers the benefit of reduced postoperative pain, which, for appropriate surgical candidates, may strengthen the case for repair. This study compares general and disease-specific quality of life following totally extraperitoneal (TEP) laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) of asymptomatic and symptomatic hernias.

Metoclopramide for Acute Migraine Treatment in the Emergency Department: An Effective Alternative to Opioids.

In light of recent warnings by the United States (US) Surgeon General and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines for recommending more prudent use of opioid narcotics, the search for a non-opioid alternative for aborting acute migraines is particularly relevant. The CDC also estimates the prevalence of opioid dependence may be as high as 26% among patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain, not due to cancer, in the primary care setting. Given such staggering data, it is imperative that we, as caretakers, not foster opioid dependence but rather continue to investigate non-opioid therapies for the management of acute migraines in the emergent care settings.

Long-term patterns and predictors of pain following laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: a patient-centered analysis.

Background: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair has been shown to offer patients the benefit of less postoperative pain as compared to traditional open techniques. However, the risk of experiencing significant postoperative pain may affect patient's decision making. We aimed to elucidate potential patterns of pain and the predictors of such, up to 2 years postoperatively, using both generic and specific quality of life tools.

Segmental arterial mediolysis and fibromuscular dysplasia: what comes first, the chicken or the egg?

Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is a rare vasculopathy characterized by lysis of the outer media in splanchnic arteries and formation of dissecting pseudoaneurysms that may spontaneously rupture, leading to massive and often fatal intraabdominal hemorrhage. The pathogenesis of SAM is poorly understood. Healed SAM lesions closely resemble fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), leading some authors to postulate that SAM represents a precursor to FMD despite distinct clinical differences between these two disorders.

The intervention composed of aerobic training and non-exercise physical activity (I-CAN) study: Rationale, design and methods.

Recent data has suggested that prolonged sedentary behavior is independent risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality independent of adequate amounts of moderate to vigorous physical activity. However, few studies have prospectively evaluated if exercise training and increasing non-exercise physical activity leads to greater reduction in cardiometabolic risk compared to aerobic training alone. The purpose of the Intervention Composed of Aerobic Training and Non-Exercise Physical Activity (I-CAN) study is to determine whether a physical activity program composed of both aerobic training (consistent with public health recommendations) and increasing non-exercise physical activity (3000 steps above baseline levels) leads to enhanced improvements in waist circumference, oral glucose tolerance, systemic inflammation, body composition, and fitness compared to aerobic training alone in obese adults (N=45).

Influence of radiology report format on reading time and comprehension.

This study examined whether radiology report format influences reading time and comprehension of information. Three reports were reformatted to conventional free text, structured text organized by organ system, and hierarchical structured text organized by clinical significance. Five attending radiologists, five radiology residents, five internal medicine attendings, and five internal medicine residents read the reports and answered a series of questions about them.

Modulation of diabetes in NOD mice by GAD65-specific monoclonal antibodies is epitope specific and accompanied by anti-idiotypic antibodies.

Type 1 diabetes is caused by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Here we show that administration of a human monoclonal antibody (b96.11) specific to the 65-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) to prediabetic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice significantly delays the onset of autoimmune diabetes.

Consumer product-related eye injury in the United States, 1998-2002.

Problem: Eye injury is currently a leading cause of visual impairment and monocular blindness in the United States. Information regarding consumer products associated with eye injuries can have important implications for the prevention of these injuries.

Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was used to describe the types of consumer products associated with emergency department treated eye injuries in the United States from 1998 through 2002.

Association of amino-terminal-specific antiglutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) autoantibodies with beta-cell functional reserve and a milder clinical phenotype in patients with GAD65 antibodies and ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus.

Context: We previously characterized patients presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis prospectively into four subgroups of ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus (KPDM), based on the presence or absence of beta-cell autoimmunity (A+ or A-) and beta-cell functional reserve (B+ or B-). The A+B- KPDM subgroup comprises patients with classic, autoimmune type 1 diabetes, whereas the A+B+ KPDM subgroup has only partial beta-cell loss and a distinct clinical phenotype.

Objective: We hypothesized that epitope specificity of autoantibodies directed against the 65-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) reflects differences in beta-cell destruction.

Effect of cataract surgery on falls and mobility in independently living older adults.

Objectives: To determine the effect of cataract surgery on the occurrence of falls and mobility and balance problems in older adults with cataract.

Design: Longitudinal follow-up study.

Setting: Clinical Research Unit, University of Alabama at Birmingham.

A highly sensitive immunoassay resistant to autoantibody interference for detection of the diabetes-associated autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 in blood and other biological samples.

Background: Glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in autoimmune diabetes and is discharged from injured islet beta cells. GAD65 may also be released by transplanted islets undergoing immunological rejection. To test hypotheses regarding the utility of GAD65 as a biomarker for transplant rejection or diabetes-associated islet damage and also regarding the timing and instigators of GAD65 release in humans or animal models, a sensitive assay capable of measuring GAD65 in serum or plasma will be necessary.

Gun-related eye injury in the United States, 1993-2002.

Objective: To present the descriptive epidemiology of gun-related eye injury in the United States from 1993 through 2002.

Methods: Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was used to estimate the number of patients treated in the United States for gun-related eye injury (GEI) (air guns and firearms), air gun-related eye injury (AEI) (BB/pellet guns and rifles) and firearm-related eye injury (FEI) (all powder discharge guns) during the time period 1993 through 2002. Rates were calculated according to age, gender, race, weapon type and circumstances surrounding the injury event (e.

Trends in eye injury in the United States, 1992-2001.

Purpose: To report the trends of eye injury in the United States from 1992 through 2001.

Methods: The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, and the National Hospital Discharge Survey were used to collect information on eye injuries from 1992 to 2001. Rates of eye injury per 1000 population were calculated according to age, gender, and race.