Enhancement of reactive oxygen species production by ultra-short electron pulses.

The development of laser-driven accelerators-on-chip has provided an opportunity to miniaturize devices for electron radiotherapy delivery. Laser-driven accelerators produce highly time-compressed electron pulses, on the 100 fs to 1 ps scale. This delivers electrons at high peak power yet low average beam current compared with conventional delivery devices, which generate pulses of approximately 3 µs.

The burden of psychiatric morbidity in Multiple Sclerosis, AQP4-antibody NMOSD and MOGAD before and after neurological diagnosis.

Background: Psychiatric comorbidities are common in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and are increasingly recognised in Aquaporin-4-Antibody Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (AQP4-Ab NMOSD) and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Antibody Associated Disease (MOGAD). However, it is unclear if these psychiatric comorbidities predate neurological diagnosis or classical neurological symptoms that are conventionally used to establish the onset of these central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases. We sought to: (1) assess the frequency and incidence of psychiatrist-diagnosed psychiatric disorders before and after formal MS, AQP4-Ab NMOSD, and MOGAD diagnosis, and (2) identify potential factors associated with the presence of pre-existing psychiatric morbidity and depression severity at the first clinical visit for MS patients.

A comparison of multiple sclerosis disease characteristics across three genetically diverse Asian racial groups in Singapore.

Studies in Western populations have shown that Black and Hispanic patients have an earlier age of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) onset and a more severe disease course characterised by faster disability accrual compared to Whites. It is yet unclear whether MS disease characteristics and clinical course differ amongst Asian racial groups. Singapore is uniquely poised to investigate this as its multi-racial population comprises three genetically diverse Asian racial groups-Chinese, Malay and South Asian.

Rhythmic Music Training's Effect on Syntactic Structure Processing among Malay Adolescents with Syntactic Specific Language Impairment.

Background: Adolescents with syntactic specific language impairment (S-SLI) fail to comprehend object questions. We hypothesised that rhythmic music training is more effective in treating this condition than conventional methods because music is often perceived as having a clear, isochronous beat or pulse. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of rhythmic music training on the syntactic structure processing of Malay questions among native adolescents.

COVID-19 infection after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis, AQP4-antibody NMOSD and MOGAD patients during the Omicron subvariant BA.1/2 wave in Singapore.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant appears to cause milder infections, however, its capacity for immune evasion and high transmissibility despite vaccination remains a concern, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Herein, we investigate the incidence and risk factors for COVID-19 infection in vaccinated adult patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Aquaporin-4-antibody Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (AQP4-Ab NMOSD), and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-antibody associated disease (MOGAD) during the Omicron subvariant BA.1/2 wave in Singapore.

COVID-19 infection after two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in multiple sclerosis, AQP4-antibody NMOSD and MOGAD.

Background: In pre-vaccinated people with multiple sclerosis (MS), certain disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), particularly the anti-CD20 treatments, appear to be associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and indeed with severe infection. It is still not known if such observations extend to vaccinated individuals and there have been considerably fewer studies in aquaporin-4-antibody neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody associated disease (MOGAD) patients. In this study, we investigated the rates of symptomatic COVID-19 infection in adult patients with MS, AQP4-NMOSD and MOGAD who had received 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine.

Richard Hader Visionary Leader Award 2021 Visionary Leader Runner-up Brandon "Kit" Bredimus.

The following manuscript is one of the runner-up entries submitted to Nursing Management for the Visionary Leader Award in recognition of Brandon "Kit" Bredimus, DNP, RN, the CNO and vice president for nursing at Midland Memorial Hospital in Midland, Tex.

Caring for COVID's emotional long haulers.

14 strategies to safeguard nurses' mental health.

Investigations associated with the 2020/21 highly pathogenic avian influenza epizootic in wild birds in Great Britain.

This focus article has been prepared by Paul Duff, Paul Holmes, James Aegerter, Cat Man, Ed Fullick, Scott Reid, Fabian Lean, Alex Núñez, Rowena Hansen, Joanna Tye, Lévon Stephan and Ian Brown of the APHA and Caroline Robinson of SRUC.

Asian and African/Caribbean AQP4-NMOSD patient outcomes according to self-identified race and place of residence.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune astrocytopathy characterized by aquaporin-4 antibodies, whose prognosis is influenced by onset age, race, environmental exposures and immunosuppression. Distinguishing the contribution of environment from genetics is challenging. We aimed to compare neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patient outcomes according to self-identified racial group and place of residence.

Confronting barriers to human-robot cooperation: balancing efficiency and risk in machine behavior.

Many technical and psychological challenges make it difficult to design machines that effectively cooperate with people. To better understand these challenges, we conducted a series of studies investigating human-human, robot-robot, and human-robot cooperation in a strategically rich resource-sharing scenario, which required players to balance efficiency, fairness, and risk. In these studies, both human-human and robot-robot dyads typically learned efficient and risky cooperative solutions when they could communicate.

Variable Growth and Characterizations of Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles Based on Molar Ratio of Gold and Capping Ligands.

Controlling the size of nanoscale entities is important because many properties of nanomaterials are directly related to the size of the particles. Gold nanoparticles represent classic materials and are of particular interest due to their potential application in a variety of fields. In this study, hexanethiol-capped gold nanoparticles are synthesized via the Brust-Schiffrin method.

The past, present and future role of artificial intelligence in imaging.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is already widely employed in various medical roles, and ongoing technological advances are encouraging more widespread use of AI in imaging. This is partly driven by the recognition of the significant frequency and clinical impact of human errors in radiology reporting, and the promise that AI can help improve the reliability as well the efficiency of imaging interpretation. AI in imaging was first envisioned in the 1960s, but initial attempts were limited by the technology of the day.

Considering exercise-associated hyponatraemia as a continuum.

Exercise-associated hyponatraemia (EAH) always involves a component of overhydration relative to available exchangeable sodium stores. In the majority of cases, this is purely due to excessive consumption of fluids during exercise. In a lesser number of cases, it is apparent that excessive sodium loss through sweat may play a role by decreasing the amount of acutely available exchangeable sodium.

Normative data on regional sweat-sodium concentrations of professional male team-sport athletes.

Background: The purpose of this paper was to report normative data on regional sweat sweat-sodium concentrations of various professional male team-sport athletes, and to compare sweat-sodium concentrations among sports. Data to this effect would inform our understanding of athlete sodium requirements, thus allowing for the individualisation of sodium replacement strategies. Accordingly, data from 696 athletes (Soccer, = 270; Rugby, = 181; Baseball, = 133; American Football, = 60; Basketball, = 52) were compiled for a retrospective analysis.

Response of the JAK-STAT pathway to mammalian hibernation in 13-lined ground squirrel striated muscle.

Over the course of the torpor-arousal cycle, hibernators must make behavioral, physiological, and molecular rearrangements in order to keep a very low metabolic rate and retain organ viability. 13-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) remain immobile during hibernation, and although the mechanisms of skeletal muscle survival are largely unknown, studies have shown minimal muscle loss in hibernating organisms. Additionally, the ground squirrel heart undergoes cold-stress, reversible cardiac hypertrophy, and ischemia-reperfusion without experiencing fatal impairment.

Cp*Co(IPr): synthesis and reactivity of an unsaturated Co(i) complex.

Synthesis of coordinatively unsaturated Cp*Co(IPr) (2), is accomplished by addition of free N-heterocyclic carbene IPr to [(Cp*Co)2-μ-(η(4):η(4)-toluene)] (1). Stoichiometric reactivity is consistent with a 16 electron species, as 2 undergoes ligand addition/NHC displacement and reversible reaction with dihydrogen. Cp*Co(IPr) represents an elusive example of a stable Cp*CoL fragment.

Building a lasting impression.

Organizational culture and values can impact every aspect of hospital operations.

sp2 C-H activation of dimethyl fumarate by a [(Cp*Co)2-μ-(η4 : η4-toluene)] complex.

The well-defined oxidative addition of the vinylic sp(2) C-H bond of dimethyl fumarate is mediated by the cobalt triple decker complex [(Cp*Co)(2)-μ-(η(4) : η(4)-toluene)] (1) at ambient temperature, affording the dinuclear, bridging cobalt hydride, fumaryl compound (2). The C-H activation product has been characterized by mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Computational studies of 2 support asymmetric bonding interactions between the two metal centres and the bridging hydride/fumaryl fragments.

Development of more labile low electron count Co(I) sources: mild, catalytic functionalization of activated alkanes using a [(Cp*Co)2-μ-(η4:η4-arene)] complex.

Catalytic transfer dehydrogenation of silyl protected amines, requiring sp(3) C-H bond activation, is mediated by a bridging arene complex of the type [(Cp*Co)(2)-μ-(η(4):η(4)-arene)] under mild conditions. Mechanistic and qualitative rate studies establish the compound as a more reactive Co(I) source when compared to other known Cp*Co(I) complexes.

Designing the invisible architecture of your hospital.

Before building or remodeling a hospital, architects develop a complete set of blueprints. That same sort of detailed attention should be given to the "invisible architecture" of core values, corporate culture, and emotional attitude because this has a much greater impact on the patient and employee experience than do the bricks and mortar.

Creating a culture of ownership.

A struggling hospital re-examines its values and turns employee and patint satisfaction around.