Indian plant germplasm on the global platter: an analysis.

Food security is a global concern amongst scientists, researchers and policy makers. No country is self-sufficient to address food security issues independently as almost all countries are inter-dependent for availability of plant genetic resources (PGR) in their national crop improvement programmes. Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research (CGIAR; in short CG) centres play an important role in conserving and distributing PGR through their genebanks.

Anaerobic digestion of thermal pre-treated sludge at different solids concentrations--Computation of mass-energy balance and greenhouse gas emissions.

The effect of thermal pre-treatment on sludge anaerobic digestion (AD) efficiency was studied at different total solids (TS) concentrations (20.0, 30.0 and 40.

Assessment of functional and structural damage in brain parenchyma in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency: A longitudinal perfusion and diffusion tensor imaging study.

Introduction: Vitamin B12 deficiency may cause neural tissue damage. Even in advanced stages, conventional imaging of brain usually appears normal in vitamin B12 deficient patients. The aim of this study was to assess the structural and functional changes in brain of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency before and after six weeks of vitamin B12 supplementation using diffusion tensor imaging and pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling (PCASL).

Surface engineered and ligand anchored nanobioconjugate: an effective therapeutic approach for oral insulin delivery in experimental diabetic rats.

The present study was designed to enhance intestinal absorption of insulin by nanobioconjugate formulated with PEGylation and Concanavalin A based targeted synergistic approach. The attempts were aimed at maximizing bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of insulin by incorporating it in Concanavalin A anchored PEGylated nanoconstructs. The Con A anchored PEGylated PLGA diblock copolymer was synthesized by modified surface functionalization method, and was then characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectrum analysis.

Rheb Inhibits Protein Synthesis by Activating the PERK-eIF2α Signaling Cascade.

Rheb, a ubiquitous small GTPase, is well known to bind and activate mTOR, which augments protein synthesis. Inhibition of protein synthesis is also physiologically regulated. Thus, with cell stress, the unfolded protein response system leads to phosphorylation of the initiation factor eIF2α and arrest of protein synthesis.

Diagnostic problems of salivary gland tumors.

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of salivary gland is a popular technique with high sensitivity and specificity. However, the interpretation of FNAC smear of salivary gland lesions is a great challenge to the cytologists. The cytological features of the various tumors of the salivary gland have overlapping cytological features and many other lesions in the head neck region may mimic salivary lesions.

Analysis of morphological markers of chromosomal instability in ascitic fluid.

Chromosomal instability (CI) plays a major role in the carcinogenesis. Micronuclei, nuclear budding, chromatin bridges,and multipolar mitoses are the morphological markers of CI and have never been studied in routine cytological specimens. Aims of the study is to analyze the significance of morphological markers of CI in malignant and benign ascitic fluid smears.

Next generation sequencing as an aid to diagnosis and treatment of an unusual pediatric brain cancer.

Classification of pediatric brain tumors with unusual histologic and clinical features may be a diagnostic challenge to the pathologist. We present a case of a 12-year-old girl with a primary intracranial tumor. The tumor classification was not certain initially, and the site of origin and clinical behavior were unusual.

Possible role of GABA-B receptor modulation in MPTP induced Parkinson's disease in rats.

Accumulating evidence strongly suggests that gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) receptors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the role of GABA-B receptor modulation in experimental models of MPTP-induced PD. MPTP was administered repeatedly on 1st, 7th and 14th day intranigrally for the induction of PD in Male Wistar rats.

Uterine lipoleiomyoma.

We report a case of a patient who was found to have a uterine lipoleiomyoma on ultrasound and MRI, which was later confirmed with histological evidence. Uterine lipoleiomyomas are rare benign tumours that are often misdiagnosed on imaging, leading to unnecessary invasive procedures. Increased awareness of the tumour and its characteristics on imaging can aid future preoperative diagnosis.

Counseling a patient with the antenatal diagnosis of a cerebellar abnormality and a pharyngeal cyst.

Introduction Prenatal counseling with regards to the prognosis of a cerebellar abnormality is hindered not only by the diverse clinical presentations but also by the presence of subtle findings. We present a case of a distinct combination of asymmetric cerebellar hypoplasia secondary to an anterior meningoencephalocele through a clival defect that caused a severe airway obstruction in the newborn. Case Description A 21-year-old gravida 4 para 0 mother with a dichorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy was referred for a second trimester sonographic survey.

A substrate-based approach for the selection of oil-bearing heterotrophs from nitrogen-deficient soil for lipid production.

In this study, nine heterotrophic yeast isolates were tested for their ability to assimilate crude glycerol and consecutive conversion to triacylglycerides (TGAs). All the organisms were initially screened on crude glycerol-based selection media, and those producing lipid globules were further evaluated for lipid production. Sudan Black B staining of eight isolates showed lipid globules.

Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of rice germplasm from north-eastern region of India and development of a core germplasm set.

The North-Eastern region (NER) of India, comprising of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura, is a hot spot for genetic diversity and the most probable origin of rice. North-east rice collections are known to possess various agronomically important traits like biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, unique grain and cooking quality. The genetic diversity and associated population structure of 6,984 rice accessions, originating from NER, were assessed using 36 genome wide unlinked single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers distributed across the 12 rice chromosomes.

Helminth.net: expansions to Nematode.net and an introduction to Trematode.net.

Helminth.net (http://www.helminth.

Untethering an unusual cause of kidney injury in a teenager with Down syndrome.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by the acute nature and the inability of kidneys to maintain fluid homeostasis as well as adequate electrolyte and acid-base balance, resulting in an accumulation of nitrogenous waste and elevation of serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine values. Acute kidney injury may be a single isolated event, yet oftentimes, it results from an acute chronic kidney disease. It is critical to seek out the etiology of AKI and to promptly manage the underlying chronic kidney disease to prevent comorbidities and mortality that may ensue.

Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-1 mediates assembly/disassembly of the CRL4-signalosome complex to regulate DNA repair and cell death.

Inositol polyphosphates containing an energetic pyrophosphate bond are formed primarily by a family of three inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) kinases (IP6K1-3). The Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) regulate diverse biological processes through substrate ubiquitylation. CRL4, comprising the scaffold Cullin 4A/B, the E2-interacting Roc1/2, and the adaptor protein damage-specific DNA-binding protein 1, is activated by DNA damage.

Urodynamic characterization of lower urinary tract symptoms in women less than 40 years of age.

Introduction: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in young women is becoming a more recognized urologic issue that can arise from many causes, each with their own management strategy. The purpose of this study was to determine the rates of various etiologies for LUTS in women under 40 years of age.

Materials And Methods: Video urodynamic studies (VUDS) were performed in 70 women age 40 years or less with LUTS for greater than 6 months between March 2005 and June 2012 at Weill Cornell Medical College.

Electronic spectrum of the UO and UO(+) molecules.

Electronic theory calculations are applied to the study of the UO molecule and the UO(+) ion. Relativistic effective core potentials are used along with the accompanying valence spin-orbit operators. Polarized double-ς and triple-ς basis sets are used.

Host-parasite interaction: selective Pv-fam-a family proteins of Plasmodium vivax bind to a restricted number of human erythrocyte receptors.

Background: Plasmodium vivax synthesizes the largest number of 36 tryptophan-rich proteins belonging to the Pv-fam-a family. These parasite proteins need to be characterized for their biological function because tryptophan-rich proteins from other Plasmodium species have been proposed as vaccine candidates.

Methods: Recombinant P.

Pregnane and Xenobiotic Receptor gene expression in liver cells is modulated by Ets-1 in synchrony with transcription factors Pax5, LEF-1 and c-Jun.

Nuclear receptor PXR is predominantly expressed in liver and intestine. Expression of PXR is observed to be dysregulated in various metabolic disorders indicating its involvement in disease development. However, information available on mechanisms of PXR self-regulation is fragmentary.