Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma Case Report: A Diagnostic Challenge.

A 66-year-old female presented to the hospital for evaluation of multiple strokes over a three-month period. The patient underwent extensive testing to evaluate for autoimmune vasculitis and other hypercoagulable entities that were negative. Bone marrow and lymph node biopsies showed no evidence of lymphoma.

Global Change in a Material World.

The biological structures that fill the environment around us are derived from materials produced by organisms. These biological materials are key to the mechanical function of organisms. The pathways and growth processes that produce biological materials can influence the mechanical properties of the materials, which can in turn shape the higher level function of the system into which the materials are incorporated.

ArborSim: Articulated, branching, OpenSim routing for constructing models of multi-jointed appendages with complex muscle-tendon architecture.

Computational models of musculoskeletal systems are essential tools for understanding how muscles, tendons, bones, and actuation signals generate motion. In particular, the OpenSim family of models has facilitated a wide range of studies on diverse human motions, clinical studies of gait, and even non-human locomotion. However, biological structures with many joints, such as fingers, necks, tails, and spines, have been a longstanding challenge to the OpenSim modeling community, especially because these structures comprise numerous bones and are frequently actuated by extrinsic muscles that span multiple joints-often more than three-and act through a complex network of branching tendons.

Jointed tails enhance control of three-dimensional body rotation.

Tails used as inertial appendages induce body rotations of animals and robots-a phenomenon that is governed largely by the ratio of the body and tail moments of inertia. However, vertebrate tails have more degrees of freedom (e.g.

Polymorphism in the aggressive mimicry lure of the parasitic freshwater mussel .

Unionoid freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) are free-living apart from a brief, obligately parasitic, larval stage that infects fish hosts, and gravid female mussels have evolved a spectrum of strategies to infect fish hosts with their larvae. In many North American species, this involves displaying a mantle lure: a pigmented fleshy extension that acts as an aggressive mimic of a host fish prey, thereby eliciting a feeding response that results in host infection. The mantle lure of is of particular interest because it is apparently polymorphic, with two distinct primary lure phenotypes.

Health inequities in dialysis care: A scoping review.

Main Problem: We aim to look at potential gaps in current dialysis literature on inequities and explore future research that could contribute to more equitable care.

Methods: Following guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), we conducted a scoping review of health inequities in dialysis. PubMed and Ovid Embase were searched in July 2022 for articles published between 2016 and 2022 that examined at least one of the following NIH defined health inequities: race/ethnicity, sex/gender, LGBTQ+ identity, underserved rural populations, education level, income, and occupation status.

Jumping over fences: why field- and laboratory-based biomechanical studies can and should learn from each other.

Locomotor biomechanics faces a core trade-off between laboratory-based and field-based studies. Laboratory conditions offer control over confounding factors, repeatability, and reduced technological challenges, but limit the diversity of animals and environmental conditions that may influence behavior and locomotion. This article considers how study setting influences the selection of animals, behaviors and methodologies for studying animal motion.

Discontinuation and nonpublication analysis of chronic pain randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: The primary objective of this cross-sectional analysis is to evaluate rates of discontinuation and nonpublication of Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of therapeutic interventions to treat chronic pain.

Methods: Using ClinicalTrials.gov, a sample was obtained which included clinical trials pertaining to chronic pain.

Factors associated with health inequities in access to kidney transplantation in the USA: A scoping review.

Background: The kidney is the most needed organ for transplantation in the United States. However, demand and scarcity of this organ has caused significant inequities for historically marginalized groups. In this review, we report on the frequency of inequities in all steps of kidney transplantation from 2016 to 2022.

Health Inequities in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Literature: A Scoping Review.

Although life saving, health inequities exist regarding access and patient outcomes in Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), especially among marginalized groups. This scoping review's goal is to outline existing literature and highlight gaps for future research. Researchers followed guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA extension for scoping reviews.

Underreporting of patient-reported outcomes in cystic fibrosis randomized controlled trials using CONSORT-PRO and RoB 2.0.

Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly used in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to foster patient-centered healthcare. The aim of this investigation was to assess the completeness of reporting of PROs in RCTs pertaining to cystic fibrosis (CF).

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for RCTs concerning CF that included PROs as a primary or secondary outcome.

Health inequities in human papillomavirus prevention, diagnostics and clinical care in the USA: a scoping review.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) represents the most common STI in the USA. HPV inequities in prevention, diagnostics and clinical care persist. We define inequities as systematic, avoidable and unfair differences in health outcomes.

Metatarsal fusion resisted bending as jerboas (Dipodidae) transitioned from quadrupedal to bipedal.

Hind limbs undergo dramatic changes in loading conditions during the transition from quadrupedal to bipedal locomotion. For example, the most early diverging bipedal jerboas (Rodentia: Dipodidae) are some of the smallest mammals in the world, with body masses that range between 2-4 g. The larger jerboa species exhibit developmental and evolutionary fusion of the central three metatarsals into a single cannon bone.

Reporting of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Randomized Controlled Trials on Shoulder Rotator Cuff Injuries Is Suboptimal and Requires Standardization.

Purpose: To evaluate the completeness of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) reporting using Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Patient-Reported Outcome (CONSORT-PRO) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving rotator cuff injuries.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for published RCTs focused on rotator cuff injuries that included at least one PRO measure. We included RCTs published from 2006 to 2020.

An Analysis of the Evidence Informing Clinical Practice Guidelines in the Management and Treatment of Breast Cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the methodological quality and accuracy of reporting within systematic reviews (SRs) that provide evidence to form clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in the management and treatment of breast cancer.

Methods: The 5 included CPGs for breast cancer management among National Comprehensive Cancer Network and European Society for Medical Oncology were searched for all SRs and meta-analyses. The characteristics of each study along with their methodological reporting were extracted from each SR using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Instrument for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and AMSTAR-2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2) tools.

Virtual Expeditions Facilitated by Open Source Solutions Broaden Student Participation in Natural History Research.

From its genesis in the Victorian era as an activity for the elite to today's emphasis on "Big Data" and continuous monitoring, natural history has a prominent role in scientific discoveries for many fields. However, participation in field expeditions is limited by funding, space, accessibility, and safety constraints. Others have detailed the active exclusion of minoritized groups from field expeditions and harm/discrimination faced by the few who do participate, but we provide one solution to broaden opportunities for participation in natural history: Virtual Expeditions.

A Template Model Explains Jerboa Gait Transitions Across a Broad Range of Speeds.

For cursorial animals that maintain high speeds for extended durations of locomotion, transitions between footfall patterns (gaits) predictably occur at distinct speed ranges. How do transitions among gaits occur for non-cursorial animals? Jerboas () are bipedal hopping rodents that frequently transition between gaits throughout their entire speed range. It has been hypothesized that these non-cursorial bipedal gait transitions are likely to enhance their maneuverability and predator evasion ability.

Batch-Mask: Automated Image Segmentation for Organisms with Limbless or Non-Standard Body Forms.

Efficient comparisons of biological color patterns are critical for understanding the mechanisms by which organisms evolve in nature, including sexual selection, predator-prey interactions, and thermoregulation. However, limbless, elongate, or spiral-shaped organisms do not conform to the standard orientation and photographic techniques required for many automated analyses. Currently, large-scale color analysis of elongate animals requires time-consuming manual landmarking, which reduces their representation in coloration research despite their ecological importance.

Examining Cultural Structures and Functions in Biology.

Scientific culture and structure organize biological sciences in many ways. We make choices concerning the systems and questions we study. Our research then amplifies these choices into factors that influence the directions of future research by shaping our hypotheses, data analyses, interpretation, publication venues, and dissemination via other methods.

A Quantitative Analysis of Coral Snakes Reveals Unexpected Variation in Stereotyped Anti-Predator Displays Within a Mimicry System.

Warning signals in chemically defended organisms are critical components of predator-prey interactions, often requiring multiple coordinated display components for effective communication. When threatened by a predator, venomous coral snakes (genus ) display a vigorous, non-locomotory thrashing behavior that has previously been qualitatively described. Given the high contrast and colorful banding patterns of these snakes, this thrashing display is hypothesized to be a key component of a complex aposematic signal under strong stabilizing selection across species in a mimicry system.

Characterizing the limits of human stability during motion: perturbative experiment validates a model-based approach for the Sit-to-Stand task.

Falls affect a growing number of the population each year. Clinical methods to assess fall risk usually evaluate the performance of specific motions such as balancing or Sit-to-Stand. Unfortunately, these techniques have been shown to have poor predictive power, and are unable to identify the portions of motion that are most unstable.

Convergent metatarsal fusion in jerboas and chickens is mediated by similarities and differences in the patterns of osteoblast and osteoclast activities.

In many vertebrate animals that run or leap, the metatarsals and/or metacarpals of the distal limb are fused into a single larger element, likely to resist fracture due to high ground-reaction forces during locomotion. Although metapodial fusion evolved independently in modern birds, ungulates, and jerboas, the developmental basis has only been explored in chickens, which diverged from the mammalian lineage approximately 300 million years ago. Here, we use a bipedal rodent, the lesser Egyptian jerboa (Jaculus jaculus), to understand the cellular processes of metatarsal fusion in a mammal, and we revisit the developing chicken to assess similarities and differences in the localization of osteoblast and osteoclast activities.

Stability basin estimates fall risk from observed kinematics, demonstrated on the Sit-to-Stand task.

The ability to quantitatively measure stability is essential to ensuring the safety of locomoting systems. While the response to perturbation directly reflects the stability of a motion, this experimental method puts human subjects at risk. Unfortunately, existing indirect methods for estimating stability from unperturbed motion have been shown to have limited predictive power.

Unpredictability of escape trajectory explains predator evasion ability and microhabitat preference of desert rodents.

Mechanistically linking movement behaviors and ecology is key to understanding the adaptive evolution of locomotion. Predator evasion, a behavior that enhances fitness, may depend upon short bursts or complex patterns of locomotion. However, such movements are poorly characterized by existing biomechanical metrics.

Vertical leaping mechanics of the Lesser Egyptian Jerboa reveal specialization for maneuverability rather than elastic energy storage.

Background: Numerous historical descriptions of the Lesser Egyptian jerboa, , a small bipedal mammal with elongate hindlimbs, make special note of their extraordinary leaping ability. We observed jerboa locomotion in a laboratory setting and performed inverse dynamics analysis to understand how this small rodent generates such impressive leaps. We combined kinematic data from video, kinetic data from a force platform, and morphometric data from dissections to calculate the relative contributions of each hindlimb muscle and tendon to the total movement.