A Survey of Parents' and Carers' Perceptions of Parenting a Child With Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

Purpose: To explore parents' and carers' perceptions of parenting a child with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of a questionnaire of parents and carers of children with hip dysplasia. Data analysis was guided by qualitative content analysis.

Variability in Australian screening guidelines for developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Aim: To assess the variability in Australian screening guidelines for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods: Ovid MEDLINE®, EMBASE, EMB Reviews-Cochrane, CINAHL, TRIP and grey literature were searched to identify screening guidelines for DDH. Key data items related to recommendations for timing and method of screening were extracted and summarised in a table format for qualitative analysis.

Barriers to Prevention and Timely Presentation of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Perspectives of Patients from a High-risk Urban Population in the United States.

Diabetic foot amputation is a preventable complication that is increasing in incidence in the United States, with disparities across geography, race, ethnicity, and income. This qualitative study explored the experiences of people in a low-income urban area in the United States in preventing and obtaining care for foot ulcers. Sixteen adults with foot ulcers were identified through purposive sampling based on records of hospital stays and primary care visits.

Molecular analysis of the human placental cysteine dioxygenase type 1 gene.

Sulfate is essential for healthy fetal growth and development. Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) plays an important role in the catabolism of cysteine to sulfate. knockout mice exhibit severe and lethal fetal phenotypes but the involvement of gene variants in human development is unknown.

The association between a low cerebro-umbilical ratio at 30-34 weeks gestation, increased intrapartum operative intervention and adverse perinatal outcomes.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the cerebro-umbilical ratio (CUR), measured at 30-34 weeks, and adverse intrapartum and perinatal outcomes.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study of women delivering at the Mater Mothers' Hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Fetal Doppler indices for 1224 singleton pregnancies were correlated with maternal demographics and intrapartum and perinatal outcomes.

Determinants of care outcomes for patients who die in hospital in Ireland: a retrospective study.

Background: More people die in hospital than in any other setting which is why it is important to study the outcomes of hospital care at end of life. This study analyses what influenced outcomes in a sample of patients who died in hospital in Ireland in 2008/9. The study was undertaken as part of the Irish Hospice Foundation's Hospice Friendly Hospitals Programme (2007-2012).

Management of death rattle at end of life.

Noisy breathing or death rattle is a common clinical sign in the final days of life. When it occurs, the level of consciousness is usually low and it is generally assumed that patients are not distressed by it. Despite the assumption that patients are not distressed, death rattle is usually actively treated in palliative care settings through a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures.

An investigation of the reliability of Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) as a method of assessment of children's computing posture.

Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) is a quick observation method of posture analysis. RULA has been used to assess children's computer-related posture, but the reliability of RULA on a paediatric population has not been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the use of RULA with children.

Development of GnRH cells: Setting the stage for puberty.

Cells containing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are essential not only for reproduction but also for neuromodulatory functions in the adult animal. A variety of studies have hinted at multiple origins for GnRH-containing cells in the developing embryo. We have shown, using zebrafish as a model system, that GnRH cells originate from precursors lying outside the olfactory placode: the region of the anterior pituitary gives rise to hypothalamic GnRH cells and the cranial neural crest gives rise to the GnRH cells of the terminal nerve and midbrain.

Influence of internal scattering on the optical properties of particles and drops in the near infrared.

A geometric optics approximation is used to compute the near-infrared absorption by particles containing internal scatterers, such as bubbles, occlusions, or other refractive-index inhomogeneities. If the probabilities of absorption and scattering are comparable, absorption by a weakly absorbing particle can be increased substantially beyond that in the absence of internal scattering. Although the geometric optics approach limits the range of applicability of the results, the effects are not necessarily restricted to particle dimensions and wavelengths where geometric optics is accurate.

Reflectance and albedo differences between wet and dry surfaces.

It is commonly observed that natural multiple-scattering media such as sand and soils become noticeably darker when wet. The primary reason for this is that changing the medium surrounding the particles from air to water decreases their relative refractive index, hence increases the average degree of forwardness of scattering as determined by the asymmetry parameter (mean cosine of the scattering angle). As a consequence, incident photons have to be scattered more times before reemerging from the medium and are, therefore, exposed to a greater probability of being absorbed.

Enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay for serum ferritin: method evaluation and comparison with two radioassays.

We report our evaluation of a commercially available procedure and reagents for determination of ferritin in serum by enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results by our procedure and the "Fer Iron" (Ramco Labs) procedure shows a degree of association (r) of 0.95 and a regression equation of y = 1.

Sensitive radioimmunological screening test for antithyroglobulin autoantibodies.

The test described here was designed as a screening test to be used in conjunction with the radioimmunoassay for human thyroglobulin. Anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies, when present even in low concentrations, interfere with thyroglobulin determination. A 30-min incubation allows binding of 125I-thyroglobulin to endogenous anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies.

A practical radioimmunoassay of thyroglobulin.

We describe a reliable and convenient double-antibody radioimmunoassay for human thyroglobulin that can be performed within two days. Analytical recoveries were quantitative and immunological equivalence between several sources of human thyroglobulin was demonstrated. Cross reactivity with either thyroxine or triiodothyronine was insignificant.

Purification of alpha1-fetoprotein.

Previously published methods for purifying alpha1-fetoprotein are inadequate because they either do not yield a completely pure product or they cause some denaturation. We present a method that does not have these serious disadvantages, and with which alpha1-fetoprotein was purified by sequential use of concanvalin A affinity-chromatography, preparative gel-electrophoresis, and immunoabsorption with anti-albumin antibody covalently coupled to Sepharose 4B. The purity of the product was monitored by discontinuous polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and counterimmunoelectrophoresis, both of which must be used to ascertain what proteins are present at each step of the purification.

Immunofluorescence method for detecting anti-myocardial antibodies, and its use in diagnosing heart disease.

Demonstration of autoimmune antibodies to myocardial tissue enables one to detect and assess cardiac disease long after abnormalities in serum enzyme activities are no longer measurable. We describe and indirect immunofluorescence procedure in which cryostat sections of rat heart (ventricle) and Evan's Blue counterstaining are used to detect anti-myocardial antibodies. Sena from patients with myocardial infarct or some other cardiac diseases reveal a distinct fluorescent staining of the sarcolemmal membrane.

Radioimmunoassay for triiodothyronine: use of polyethylene glycol to precipitate immune complexes.

1. A rapid radioimmunoassay (RIA) for determining serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentration has been developed. The reaction of T3 with its antibody was performed at 37 degrees C for 3 hours; precipitation of antibody bound T3 by 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG) was done at ice-bath temperatures.

Statistical evaluation of method-comparison data.

Comparison of two methods for determining a substance is a common procedure in clinical chemistry. Almost without exception, normal theory statistics are used with the tacit assumption that the data under test show gaussian distributions. Experience has led us to question this assumption for populations of differences between values obtained by two methods applied to common samples and for populations of paired values for each method as used in correlation analysis.

Information content in remote sensing.

The relation between eigenvalues of the kernel covariance matrix in inversion problems and the number of pieces of information that can be extracted is discussed. It is shown that an example given by Wang and Goulard, which was claimed to show that the eigenvalue analysis underestimated the information content, was incorrectly calculated.