Evanescent wave quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy employing a side-polished fiber for methane sensing.

We present an all-fiber-based laser gas analyzer (LGA) employing quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) and a side-polished fiber (SPF). The LGA comprises a custom quartz tuning fork (QTF) with 0.8 mm prong spacing, two acoustic micro-resonators (mR) located on either side of the prong spacing, and a single-mode fiber containing a 17 mm polished section passing through both mRs and QTF.

Socioeconomic and demographic patterning of family uptake of a paediatric electronic patient portal innovation.

Patient portals allowing access to electronic health care records and services can inform and empower but may widen existing sociodemographic inequities. We aimed to describe associations between activation of a paediatric patient portal and patient race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and markers of previous engagement with health care. A retrospective single site cross-sectional study was undertaken to examine patient portal adoption amongst families of children receiving care for chronic or complex disorders within the United Kingdom.

History constrains the evolution of efficient color naming, enabling historical inference.

Color naming in natural languages is not arbitrary: It reflects efficient partitions of perceptual color space [T. Regier, P. Kay, N.

Does affect mediate the relationship between interpersonal trauma and psychosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The relationship between interpersonal trauma and psychosis is well established, and research is now focused on identifying mechanisms that may explain this relationship. Models of trauma and psychosis increasingly emphasize a broad range of affective processes, yet the overall effect of these affective processes is not well understood.

Aim: This review systematically examined the effect of any form of long-term affective dysfunction on the relationship between interpersonal trauma and psychosis.

Show don't tell: assessing the impact of co-developed patient information videos in paediatric uveitis.

Background/objectives: There is a paucity of online educational content targeting children and young people with uveitis. We evaluated the impact of a co-designed patient education video on subjective and objective understanding of childhood uveitis.

Subjects/methods: Co-designed patient education media were produced in collaboration with the Childhood Uveitis Studies steering group and the Great Ormond Street Hospital Generation R Young People's Advisory Group and narrated by children.

Mapping the neuroethological signatures of pain, analgesia, and recovery in mice.

Ongoing pain is driven by the activation and modulation of pain-sensing neurons, affecting physiology, motor function, and motivation to engage in certain behaviors. The complexity of the pain state has evaded a comprehensive definition, especially in non-verbal animals. Here, in mice, we used site-specific electrophysiology to define key time points corresponding to peripheral sensitivity in acute paw inflammation and chronic knee pain models.

Dipping Titan implants in Irrisept solution (0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate) and exposure to various aerobic, anaerobic, and fungal species.

Background: The organisms causing penile implant infections are changing from predominantly indolent gram-positive infections to more aggressive gram-negative and fungal infections because of antibiotic selection pressures based on novel next-generation sequencing DNA data.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Irrisept solution (0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate) in decreasing isolate colony counts from a Titan implant by using a novel kill time washout methodology to mirror real-world usage.

Consensus on the perceived presence of transtheoretical principles of change in routine psychotherapy practice: A survey of clinicians and researchers.

Goldfried (1982) hypothesized that there are five transtheoretical principles of change that guide routine psychotherapy practice. This survey investigated if there is consensus on the perceived presence of these principles in the approaches of a professionally diverse pool of psychotherapy clinicians and researchers. One thousand nine hundred ninety-eight participants, aged 21-85 years ( = 50.

Effect of 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate in water on the hydrophilic inflatable penile prosthesis: biocompatibility, adherence, and dip time.

Background: Rates of infection after inflatable penile prosthesis range from 1% to 3%; however, a new surgical irrigation solution is Food and Drug Administration cleared as antimicrobial wound lavage and appears to be safe for patients and noncaustic during hydrophilic inflatable penile prosthesis (hIPP) dipping and irrigation.

Aim: To evaluate if 0.05% chlorhexidine (CHG) lavage is caustic to the hIPP coating and if dip adherence is dependent on time.

Inferring social influence in animal groups across multiple timescales.

Many animal behaviours exhibit complex temporal dynamics, suggesting there are multiple timescales at which they should be studied. However, researchers often focus on behaviours that occur over relatively restricted temporal scales, typically ones that are more accessible to human observation. The situation becomes even more complex when considering multiple animals interacting, where behavioural coupling can introduce new timescales of importance.

Both prey and predator features predict the individual predation risk and survival of schooling prey.

Predation is one of the main evolutionary drivers of social grouping. While it is well appreciated that predation risk is likely not shared equally among individuals within groups, its detailed quantification has remained difficult due to the speed of attacks and the highly dynamic nature of collective prey response. Here, using high-resolution tracking of solitary predators (Northern pike) hunting schooling fish (golden shiners), we not only provide insights into predator decision-making, but show which key spatial and kinematic features of predator and prey predict the risk of individuals to be targeted and to survive attacks.

Subcritical escape waves in schooling fish.

Theoretical physics predicts optimal information processing in living systems near transitions (or pseudo-critical points) in their collective dynamics. However, focusing on potential benefits of proximity to a critical point, such as maximal sensitivity to perturbations and fast dissemination of information, commonly disregards possible costs of criticality in the noisy, dynamic environmental contexts of biological systems. Here, we find that startle cascades in fish schools are subcritical (not maximally responsive to environmental cues) and that distance to criticality decreases when perceived risk increases.

What we talk about when we talk about colors.

Names for colors vary widely across languages, but color categories are remarkably consistent. Shared mechanisms of color perception help explain consistent partitions of visible light into discrete color vocabularies. But the mappings from colors to words are not identical across languages, which may reflect communicative needs-how often speakers must refer to objects of different color.

Collective detection based on visual information in animal groups.

We investigate key principles underlying individual, and collective, visual detection of stimuli, and how this relates to the internal structure of groups. While the individual and collective detection principles are generally applicable, we employ a model experimental system of schooling golden shiner fish () to relate theory directly to empirical data, using computational reconstruction of the visual fields of all individuals. This reveals how the external visual information available to each group member depends on the number of individuals in the group, the position within the group, and the location of the external visually detectable stimulus.

Whirligig beetles as corralled active Brownian particles.

We study the collective dynamics of groups of whirligig beetles swimming freely on the surface of water. We extract individual trajectories for each beetle, including positions and orientations, and use this to discover (i) a density-dependent speed scaling like ∼ with ≈ 0.4 over two orders of magnitude in density (ii) an inertial delay for velocity alignment of approximately 13 ms and (iii) coexisting high and low-density phases, consistent with motility-induced phase separation (MIPS).

Synergistic efficacy of combined EGFR and HDAC inhibitors overcomes tolerance to EGFR monotherapy in salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Objectives: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common type of salivary gland malignancy. Advanced or high-grade MECs are refractory to chemotherapy, often leading to tumor recurrence/metastasis and abysmal ~35% 5-year survival. Causal links have been established between Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) activation and poor outcome.

The effectiveness of the loci method as a mnemonic device: Meta-analysis.

The "loci method" is a popular mnemonic device that involves visualising and recalling items at specific points along a familiar route. The loci method has been used for thousands of years, and by many successful memory athletes; yet there have been relatively few educational and clinical applications, possibly owing to empirical uncertainty. The current meta-analysis of 13 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) mostly based in university settings demonstrated the effectiveness of the loci method as a mnemonic device, with a medium effect size ( = 0.

Growing together with African health libraries: partnerships in Health Information's impact and lessons for future partnerships.

Partnerships in Health Information (Phi) was a UK charity which worked with African health librarians, and other information professionals, to improve access to high-quality information for health professionals and the public in Africa from 1992 to 2016. This research was initiated by Shane Godbolt and aims to explore the experiences of African librarians and information professionals who visited the UK and who otherwise worked in partnership with Phi, following up on a previous Phi report that had shown significant mutual learning and development benefits for the UK hosts of such visitors. Also, to derive lessons on how visits and partnerships may be improved.

A machine-vision approach for automated pain measurement at millisecond timescales.

Objective and automatic measurement of pain in mice remains a barrier for discovery in neuroscience. Here, we capture paw kinematics during pain behavior in mice with high-speed videography and automated paw tracking with machine and deep learning approaches. Our statistical software platform, PAWS (Pain Assessment at Withdrawal Speeds), uses a univariate projection of paw position over time to automatically quantify seven behavioral features that are combined into a single, univariate pain score.

Searching for structure in collective systems.

From fish schools and bird flocks to biofilms and neural networks, collective systems in nature are made up of many mutually influencing individuals that interact locally to produce large-scale coordinated behavior. Although coordination is central to what it means to behave collectively, measures of large-scale coordination in these systems are ad hoc and system specific. The lack of a common quantitative scale makes broad cross-system comparisons difficult.