[Dynamic tracheal collapse in a wagyu calf with multiple rib fractures after dystocia].

A dynamic tracheal collapse caused by multiple rib fractures in a neonatal wagyu calf was diagnosed by radiography, endoscopy and computed tomography. Conservative treatment, consisting of the medical treatment of respiratory inflammation and the reduction of environmental and social stress was initiated. The respiratory signs improved significantly, and the calf was discharged.

Sensory nerve conduction stimulus threshold measurements of the infraorbital nerve and its applicability as a diagnostic tool in horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking.

Background: To determine whether sensory nerve conduction stimulus threshold measurements of the infraorbital nerve are able to differentiate horses with idiopathic trigeminal-mediated headshaking (i-TMHS) from healthy horses and from horses with secondary trigeminal-mediated headshaking (s-TMHS). In a prospective trial, headshaking horses were examined using a standardized diagnostic protocol, including advanced diagnostics such as computed tomography and 3-Tesla-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to differentiate s-TMHS from i-TMHS. Clinically healthy horses served as controls.

Different Safety Pattern of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) According to Age Group in a Pediatric Population from 3 to 17 Years Old, in an Open-Label Study in Chile.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of vaccinating children against SARS-CoV-2 was rapidly established. This study describes the safety of CoronaVac in children and adolescents between 3- and 17-years-old in a multicenter study in Chile with two vaccine doses in a 4-week interval. For all participants, immediate adverse events (AEs), serious AEs (SAEs), and AEs of special interest (AESIs) were registered throughout the study.

History, Rest and Exercise Score (HRE-S) for assessment of disease severity in horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking.

Background: In horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking (TMHS), clinical signs are likely to be expression of neuropathic facial pain. Currently, subjective assessment of disease severity is used as measure of compromise of animal's welfare.

Objectives: To develop and validate a precise scoring system for TMHS: History, Rest and Exercise Score (HRE-S).

The Antinociceptive Effect of Magnesium Sulphate Administered in the Epidural Space in Standing Horses.

To study the antinociceptive properties of epidural magnesium sulphate (MgSO) in standing horses Experimental, placebo-controlled, masked, cross-over A group of six healthy horses Through an epidural catheter, 1 mg kg MgSO (treatment Mg) diluted to a volume of 15 mL or the same volume of saline (treatment S) was administered over 15 minutes. Electrical, thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds were determined on the pelvic limb before and 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 minutes after the start of the injection. Heart rate (HR) and respiratory frequency (f) were recorded every 10 minutes.

Inactivated Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Variant-Specific Immunity in Children.

Multiple vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been evaluated in clinical trials. However, trials addressing the immune response in the pediatric population are scarce. The inactivated vaccine CoronaVac has been shown to be safe and immunogenic in a phase 1/2 clinical trial in a pediatric cohort in China.

[SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV. Topics on the global panorama and in Chile].

The COVID-19 disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and was declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. To date, more than 500 million people have been infected and it has caused over 6 million deaths worldwide. People that belong to the most vulnerable risk groups, such as those at the extremes of life, patients with chronic comorbidities and those with severe immunosuppression, are especially susceptible to developing a severe form of COVID-19 infection and death.

Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate in Standing Horses: Effects on Physiological Parameters, Plasma Concentration of Magnesium and Nociceptive Threshold Tests.

A bolus of 50 mg kg MgSO (treatment Mg) or the same volume of saline (treatment S) was infused over 15 minutes in 5 adult healthy horses. T0 was the end of the infusion. Physiological parameters were recorded throughout the study period.

[Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant woman and newborn infant].

The Chilean Society of Infectology, through its Neonatal Infections Committee in conjunction with the Chilean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, propose a document for the Diagnosis and Management of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnant Woman and Newborn Infant. This guideline suggests the management of mother and child infection, its diagnostic and therapeutic options. Considers the global and Latin American epidemiology, with recommendations for clinical and laboratory evaluation; diagnostic criteria, therapeutic approaches according to the clinical situation, analyzes prevention measures and establishes a national proposal for monitoring this disease.

Agreement of High-Definition Oscillometry (HDO) and Invasive Blood Pressure Measurements at a Metatarsal Artery in Isoflurane-Anaesthetised Horses.

High-definition oscillometry (HDO) over the metatarsal artery (MA) in anaesthetised horses has not yet been evaluated. This study aimed to assess agreement between HDO and invasive blood pressure (IBP) at the metatarsal artery, and to evaluate compliance with the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) consensus guidelines. In this experimental study, 11 horses underwent general anaesthesia for an unrelated, terminal surgical trial.

In vivo oxygen measurement in cerebrospinal fluid of pigs to determine physiologic and pathophysiologic oxygen values during CNS infections.

During infection and inflammation, a reduced oxygen level clearly affects cellular functions. Oxygen levels during CNS infections are unknown. Here we established and evaluated an in vivo measurement system to characterize the oxygen level in parallel with bacterial numbers (CFU/mL), the cell number and pH level inside the CSF of healthy compared to Streptococcus suis-infected pigs.

Pharmacodynamics and plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine with or without vatinoxan as a constant-rate infusion in horses anaesthetized with isoflurane-A pilot study.

The aim was to determine the effects of vatinoxan on dexmedetomidine plasma concentrations and effects on cardiovascular and intestinal tissue pharmacodynamics. In a prospective randomized study, six horses were premedicated intravenously with dexmedetomidine 3.5 µg kg followed by a constant-rate infusion of 7 µg kg  h (group DEX) and six horses with dexmedetomidine of the same dose (bolus and constant-rate infusion) combined with vatinoxan 130 µg kg followed by 40 µg kg  h (group VAT).

The effect of ischaemic postconditioning on mucosal integrity and function in equine jejunal ischaemia.

Background: Ischaemic postconditioning (IPoC) has been shown to ameliorate ischaemia reperfusion injury in different species and tissues.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility of IPoC in equine small intestinal ischaemia and to assess its effect on histomorphology, electrophysiology and paracellular permeability.

Study Design: Randomised in vivo experiment.

Preconditioning with lidocaine and xylazine in experimental equine jejunal ischaemia.

Background: Pharmacological preconditioning of dexmedetomidine on small intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury has been reported in different animal models including horses.

Objectives: The objective was to assess if xylazine and lidocaine have a preconditioning effect in an experimental model of equine jejunal ischaemia.

Study Design: Terminal in vivo experiment.

[The pneumococcal connection].

The resistance of gram-negative bacilli is one of the most important areas in modern medicine, however it hasn't been highlighted the role of the third generation cephalosporins and in particularly ceftriaxone in the selection of gram-negative bacilli resistant to these agents. Paradoxically, ceftriaxone, like the rest of the molecules of this generation, whose initial indication were gram- negative infections began to be used as an agent of choice in pneumococcal infections. The broad spectrum activity of this molecule with its favorable pharmacokinetic properties replaces other agents by this antibiotic in the treatment of a wide range of community acquired infections.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and de novo development of daptomycin resistance during therapy.

Daptomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus has been previously reported, but the development of resistance while on therapy with subsequent clinical failure for endocarditis has been infrequently reported. A case of persistent methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) bacteremia in the setting of right-sided endocarditis in a 38-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug use is presented. He developed de novo resistance to daptomycin during therapy after several courses of antibiotics, with subsequent clinical failure.