Management of acute-onset pancreatitis in dogs: a Narrative Review.

Acute-onset pancreatitis (AP) is common in dogs and presents diagnostic as well as management challenges. Until recently, the management of AP in dogs was based mainly on supportive and symptomatic care. Identification and management of a possible cause of the disease is important, but the majority of cases are considered to be idiopathic.

Demographic and histopathologic features of dogs with abnormally high concentrations of hepatic copper.

Background: Copper associated hepatopathy (CAH) has become an important and prevalent disease since the 1990's, coincidental with changes in copper (Cu) content in commercial dog foods. Knowing the demographic and histopathologic features related to hepatic Cu concentrations might aid in diagnosing CAH in dogs.

Hypothesis/objectives: The primary aim was to identify demographic and histopathologic features associated with abnormally high hepatic Cu concentrations.

Strongly acidic gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal lumen pH before and after esophageal lavage with water or two bicarbonate concentrations in anesthetized dogs.

Objective: To increase acidic esophageal lumen pH in dogs that developed gastroesophageal reflux (GER) during anesthesia. We compared water and 2 different bicarbonate concentrations.

Animals: 112 healthy, nonbrachycephalic dogs presented for ovariectomy.

Assessment of the intracellular distribution of copper in liver specimens from cats.

The intracellular distribution of copper in the liver has been investigated in dogs and humans. However, this has not been reported in cats. This study aimed to assess the intracellular copper distribution in liver specimens from cats with a range of hepatic copper concentrations.

Multiplate platelet aggregometry in dogs undergoing laparoscopic liver biopsy for diagnosis of chronic hepatopathy.

Objectives: To assess platelet function via the Multiplate analyser in dogs undergoing laparoscopic liver biopsy for diagnosis of chronic hepatopathy.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-seven client-owned dogs were prospectively enrolled. Before laparoscopic liver biopsy, whole blood impedance platelet aggregometry via the Multiplate analyser was performed.

Advances in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in dogs.

In the last 20 years, the diagnosis of pancreatitis has become more frequent as a result of improved diagnostic modalities such as abdominal ultrasound examination, advanced imaging, and immunoassays for the measurement of pancreatic lipase. Our aim is to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the clinical diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (AP) in dogs with a particular focus on pancreatic lipase assay validation and clinical performance, in addition to advanced imaging modalities. We also discuss the potential indications for cytology and histopathology in dogs with suspected AP.

Effect of two different pre-anaesthetic omeprazole protocols on gastroesophageal reflux incidence and pH in dogs.

Objectives: Gastroesophageal reflux can occur during anaesthesia and may lead to esophagitis and occasionally oesophageal stricture formation. The aim of the study is to assess two omeprazole protocols on gastroesophageal reflux incidence and pH in anaesthetised dogs.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-five dogs undergoing elective ovariectomy were randomly assigned to: omeprazole single dose 1 mg/kg orally the evening before anaesthesia (20 dogs), omeprazole two doses 1 mg/kg orally the evening and 3 hours before anaesthesia (15 dogs), and control group that did not receive omeprazole (20 dogs).

Prevalence of portal vein thrombosis detected by computed tomography angiography in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate dogs with computed tomography angiography of the abdomen for overall prevalence of portal vein thrombosis and prevalence of portal vein thrombosis based on different disease categories. To evaluate dogs with and without portal vein thrombosis for differences in outcome. To compare ultrasound to computed tomographic angiography for identification of portal vein thrombosis.

Assessment of copper accumulation in archived liver specimens from cats.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess hepatic copper concentrations and zonal distribution in cat liver specimens.

Methods: For this study, 121 archived, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver specimens from cats were used. Tissue sections were stained for copper with rhodanine and scored from 0 (no copper accumulation) to 5 (panlobular copper accumulation).

Computed tomographic evaluation of pancreatic perfusion in healthy dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of contrast-enhanced CT for assessment of pancreatic perfusion in healthy dogs.

Animals: 6 healthy purpose-bred female Treeing Walker Coonhounds.

Procedures: Contrast-enhanced CT of the cranial part of the abdomen was performed with 3-mm slice thickness.

Serum D-lactate concentrations in dogs with parvoviral enteritis.

Background: Dogs infected with canine parvovirus (CPV) have compromised intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Production of D-lactate by enteric bacteria may directly reflect disease severity or contribute to metabolic acid-base status in these dogs.

Hypothesis: Serum D-lactate concentration will be increased in CPV dogs compared to healthy controls and correlate with markers of disease severity and acid-base status.

CT angiographic changes in dogs with acute pancreatitis: A prospective longitudinal study.

Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) has recently been shown to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of acute canine pancreatitis, the identification of pancreatic necrosis, and the detection of sequelae. Evidence of pancreatic necrosis on CTA has been shown to be correlated with a poorer outcome in both humans and dogs and early diagnosis and intervention may improve outcomes. In humans, pancreatic necrosis is typically evident on CTA within 48 h of clinical signs, thus, repeat CTA examinations are often performed to identify pancreatic necrosis that may not have been evident on CTA examinations performed early in the course of disease.

Retrospective evaluation of cyclosporine in the treatment of presumed idiopathic chronic hepatitis in dogs.

Background: The etiology of idiopathic chronic hepatitis (ICH) in dogs is poorly understood, but evidence supports an immune-mediated pathogenesis in some dogs.

Objectives: To describe a case series of dogs with presumed ICH treated with cyclosporine (CsA) with or without concurrent medications and to document the incidence of biochemical remission and factors associated with failure to attain remission.

Animals: Forty-eight client-owned dogs diagnosed with presumed ICH, treatment of which included CsA.

Evaluation of gastric motility in nine dogs before and after prophylactic laparoscopic gastropexy: a pilot study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a prophylactic laparoscopic gastropexy on gastric motility in healthy large-breed dogs.

Methods: This was a prospective pilot study with nine healthy client-owned dogs. Each dog was its own control.

ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs.

This consensus statement on chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs is based on the expert opinion of 7 specialists with extensive experience in diagnosing, treating, and conducting clinical research in hepatology in dogs. It was generated from expert opinion and information gathered from searching of PubMed for manuscripts on CH, the Veterinary Information Network for abstracts and conference proceeding from annual meetings of the American College of Veterinary Medicine and the European College of Veterinary Medicine, and selected manuscripts from the human literature on CH. The panel recognizes that the diagnosis and treatment of CH in the dog is a complex process that requires integration of clinical presentation with clinical pathology, diagnostic imaging, and hepatic biopsy.

Eubacterial fluorescence in situ hybridisation and histologic features in 25 dogs with gallbladder mucocele.

Objectives: To detect and localise bacteria in gallbladder mucoceles using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). To report clinical signs, clinicopathologic abnormalities, sonographic findings and histopathological findings in FISH+ and FISH- dogs with gallbladder mucoceles.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of signalment, clinical signs, clinicopathologic and sonographic findings of 25 cases of histopathologically confirmed gallbladder mucocele.

Computed tomographic angiography and ultrasonography in the diagnosis and evaluation of acute pancreatitis in dogs.

Background: Acute pancreatitis in dogs is an under-diagnosed disease. Current diagnostic methods are insufficient at identifying sequelae and lack prognostic capability. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is accurate for diagnosis and prognostication of pancreatitis in humans.

Assessing the Efficacy of Maropitant Versus Ondansetron in the Treatment of Dogs with Parvoviral Enteritis.

Antiemetics are commonly prescribed during the treatment of canine parvoviral enteritis. This blinded, randomized prospective study compared the quality of clinical recovery and duration of hospitalization in canine parvoviral dogs receiving either maropitant (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb] IV q 24 hr, n = 11) or ondansetron (0.

Minimally invasive wireless motility capsule to study canine gastrointestinal motility and pH.

The aim of this study was to describe the feasibility of using a gastrointestinal tract wireless motility capsule (WMC) that measured intraluminal pressure, pH and transit time through the gastrointestinal tract, in dogs in their home environment. Forty-four adult healthy dogs, eating a standard diet, were prospectively enrolled. The WMC was well tolerated by all dogs and provided data from the different sections of the gastrointestinal tract.

Effect of hospitalization on gastrointestinal motility and pH in dogs.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of hospitalization on gastrointestinal motility and pH in healthy dogs. DESIGN Experimental study. ANIMALS 12 healthy adult dogs.